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[Israel] Les programmes Eitan et Carmel


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Deux programmes vont entamer une rupture dans l'histoire des blindés israéliens :


Israel builds first prototype of future fighting vehicle

By Barbara Opall-Rome 2:05 p.m. EDT October 25, 2015

Demonstrator for Follow-on Tank in the Works

635810429880869537-DFN-Israel-Namer.jpg
(Photo: Abir Sultan/Wikimedia)

TEL AVIV, Israel — Israel’s Tank Production Authority is producing its first prototype of Eitan, an eight-wheel-drive armored fighting vehicle designed to weigh nearly half as much as the new Namer heavy carriers.

The locally developed Eitan — Hebrew for steadfast — will be deployed alongside new Namers and will replace old M113s that still support the bulk of Israeli infantry.

Sources here said it will weigh no more than 35 tons and will incorporate a new generation of active protection, an advanced turret and a full complement of munitions and sensors.

Field demonstrations are slated by the end of next year, with initial serial production expected to begin by 2020.

“It will be a lot lighter [than Namer] and will be designed to cost,” said Maj. Gen. Guy Zur, commander of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Ground Forces Command. “It may be less good [than the Namer], but it will be affordable and allow us to equip a large part of our force.”

Defense and industry sources said the MoD-owned Tank Production Authority south of Tel Aviv has one prototype in production and another in its advanced planning phase.

In parallel, MoD’s MAFAT Research and Development Bureau is working on a demonstrator program called Carmel aimed at driving the design of Israel’s future tank, a follow-on to the 65-ton Merkava Mk4.

Sources say Carmel — a Hebrew acronym for Advanced Ground Combat Vehicle — will not be a Merkava Mk5, nor will it replace the Mk4, which is expected to remain in production through 2020.

Rather, it is a research-and-development program aimed at a state-of-the-art, medium-weight combat vehicle. It will most likely be treaded, rather than wheeled, and designed to weigh around 32 tons.

“It won’t be Merkava Mk5. The operational requirement will be something entirely different,” one source said of the envisioned future tank.

Defense and industry sources anticipate development and demonstration testing will extend over the coming decade or more, depending on the maturation of lightweight materials, advanced technologies and a spectrum of planned subsystems.

“Carmel is much longer-range. It will not compete with the ongoing production program [of Eitan] or with the Merkava Mk4,” a defense source told Defense News.

Sources noted that just as Eitan will be deployed alongside the heavier Namer in future ground maneuvering scenarios, the fruits of the Carmel demonstrator program will eventually be deployed alongside Merkava Mk4s.

Both new vehicles are intended to be integrated with existing heavy armor into the same digitized command-and-control network, providing war planners with more scenario-tailored options for maneuvering war, they added.

Zur said both vehicles are part of his Ground Horizon plan, a strategic blueprint for designing Israel’s future ground force up to 20 years from now.

In a recent interview, he said Plan Horizon anticipates initial fielding of the wheeled Eitan “in much less than 10 years, perhaps even five.” In contrast, the Carmel future tank demonstrator is not expected to enter service until 2025 or 2027, Zur said.

Email: bopallrome@defensenews.com

 

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  • 8 months later...

Quelques éléments :

Citation

Israel unveils wheeled, Actively Protected Armored Carrier

Barbara Opall-Rome10:36 a.m. EDT August 1, 2016

Begins Test Trials of Eitan 8x8 Demonstrator

636056417298763476-eitanAPC.jpg
EITAN
(Photo: Dana Shraga, Israel MoD)

TEL AVIV – Israel unveiled Monday its indigenous Eitan demonstrator, a wheeled, actively protected armored personnel carrier (APC) that it hopes to purchase in vast quantities over the coming decade and beyond.

At less than 35 tons, the 8x8 wheeled Eitan – Hebrew for steadfast – weighs and will cost nearly half that of new Merkava Mk4-based Namer heavy carriers now in production, according to MoD.

Both new vehicles are designed to carry 12 infantrymen and will replace the thousands of M113s that still support the bulk of Israeli infantry forces.

Brig. Gen. Baruch Matzliah, head of the Ministry’s Tank Production Office that developed both vehicles, said Eitan “will be the most advanced, protected wheeled fighting tool in the world.

According to the officer, Eitan was designed as a low-cost, multi-mission platform, which will allow Israel to equip itself with more vehicles, at a higher rate, in parallel to purchases of the Namer heavy APC.

Eitan is expected to incorporate a new generation of active protection, based on the Trophy Active Protection System (APS) developed by state-owned Rafael. It also will feature an advanced, unmanned 30/40-millimeter turret and a full compliment of munitions and sensors.

“It will be a lot lighter [than Namer] and will be designed to cost,” Maj. Gen. Guy Zur, commander of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Ground Forces Command, told Defense News in an interview earlier this year. “It may be less good [as the Namer], but it will be affordable and allow us to equip a large part of our force.”

Matzliah said the project was borne from operational lessons learned from the 2014 Gaza war. Capable of unassisted road travel at more than 90 kilometers per hour, the Eitan – the first wheeled carriers in Israel’s military history – “enable fast, strategic mobility” and are “tailored to the existing threats in the arena,” Matzliah said.

In an Aug. 1 announcement, MoD said the Tank Production Office and the Israeli military’s Ground Forces Command have just started a series of field trials to determine performance in “varied and complex” conditions.

In the earlier interview, Zur, the IDF Ground Forces Commander, said Eitans are part of his Ground Horizon plan, a strategic blueprint for designing Israel’s future ground force over the next two decades.

The plan also includes development of another demonstrator program called Carmel – a Hebrew acronym for Advanced Ground Combat Vehicle – aimed at driving the design of a future tank to be deployed as a compliment to the 65-ton Merkava Mk4.

The officer said Carmel is not intended to replace the Mk4, which will remain in production through 2020, but is rather a demonstrator program to evaluate a state-of-the-art, medium-weight combat vehicle. It will most likely be treaded, not wheeled.

Under the Army’s Ground Horizon plan, Eitan is expected to be ready for fielding in about five years. In contrast, Carmel is not expected to enter service until 2025 or 2027.

 

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On voit bien qu'il est construit autour d'une cellule de survie. Un vrai petit Namer. 

Le double volet du pilote est très intéressant. Je suis curieux de voir comment est organisé le poste de pilotage.

Le toit serait démontable. 

Il va faire couler de l'encre. 

Le 3 novembre 2015 à 00:46, collectionneur a dit :

Combien de fantassins a bord ? 

La réponse est maintenant officielle. C'est un 3+9 en version transport de troupe. 

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il y a une heure, Serge a dit :

En effet, quels sont les conséquences de ce choix pour la maintenance ?

Est-ce plus simple ? Y a-t-il moins de visite ?

Les pièces sont-elles plus compactes, légères, simple à manipuler et échanger ?

 

Effectivement, j’aurais dû poster par ici Serge.

Les conséquences peuvent s’illustrer ainsi ;

Pour le constructeur un intérêt à ne pas réintroduire cette solution. Elle serait par nature une source de remise en question de pas mal d’orientations technologiques avérées (ou « digérées ») depuis plus de 20 ans au chapitre de l’adaptation caisse/liaison sol. L’asservissement des suspensions que l’on trouve aujourd’hui sur du matériel lourd en mobilité terrestre s’accompagne mal du « métier de militaire », CF durabilité dans le temps, fragilité des liaisons souples (conduis) et pompes, complexité des filtrages, maintien coute que coute d’une pression d’utilisation dans le circuit (donc re-fragilité)...

Les bureaux d’études ont eu (et auront) la part belle à « améliorer » les asservissements, la course au summum technologique reste un argument de marketing solide, les technologies développées autorisent une R’n D duale (donc directement profitable à la gamme civil),

Dans la classe des moins de 30 tonnes, même si selon moi cette solution est LA solution adaptée à notre environnement économique, le marché est essentiellement dédié à de l’oléopneumatique et de l’hydropneumatique (voir de l’électromagnétique) pour la liaison masses suspendues et non suspendues. Certes la gestion est affinée, lissée, avec même des possibles corrections d’assiettes, mais avec un cout en conséquence et une complexité nettement accrue. Une suspension à roues indépendantes avec double triangulation (comme ici sur l’Eitan) représente un compromis intelligent et pertinent entre les contraintes mécaniques du sous ensemble (usure, casse), l’espérance de vie des équipages en fin de journée et le confort relatif d’une telle masse en mouvement sur terrain libre.

Cerise sur le gâteau, le MEC est directement impacté. Le cout d’un ressort hélicoïdal (même avec un acier enrichi au manganèse ou pré-torsionné)  et celui d’un amortisseur hydraulique (même à gaz) est bien différent d’une usine à gaz telles que celles rencontrées actuellement. Même si l’ensemble nécessite un remplacement dans le temps en tant que consommable. Pour la maintenance, le cœur de cible (la plus importante intervention technique-NTI 2/3) est l’échange standard du ressort ou de l’amortisseur. Mais à l’extérieur de la caisse, facilement accessible une fois le train déchenillé. Je qualifierai ce type d’intervention comme extrêmement simplifié et peu chronophage. J’estime le set d’un combiné posséder au plus 10 pièces maitresses et une autre dizaine de moindre importance pour terminer sur de la quincaillerie mécanique (vis, rondelles, écrous). Que dire du lot d’outillage nécessaire pour cette intervention ? Quelques outils de blocages ou de maintiens en acier revêtus d’une peinture antirouille, la boite à outils individuel en dotation, le lot de levage NTI1.... On est loin des valises de diagnostiques et autres véhicules remplis d’outillages « spé » concourant à voir de nos jours un atelier militaire devenir un laboratoire de recherche appliquée. Laboratoire qui d’ailleurs lui-même nécessite pour son déplacement un train d’attelage digne des plus grandes migrations Tziganes.

Je reste persuadé qu’un engin 8x8 peut rester dans ce type d’architecture simplifié. Je dirai même mieux, allons donc voir du côté des focus de suspensions de la famille Merkava (et pas que le « 1 » ou le « 2 ») ...  D’ailleurs l’IMI avançait, lors de la dotation initiale du Merkava 1, que cette solution (ce combiné) présentait l’avantage de maintenir une caisse mécano-soudé étanche (le sous ensemble est apposé par soudage de surface), qu’il marque sa différence avec le principe des barres de torsion par une hauteur de caisse moindre et qu’il autorisait un écran de protection additionnel sur les flancs. De mémoire, nous sommes en 1979 (première guerre du Liban). Même pas peur.

Lorsqu’il est éprouvé, Le rustique ne peut avoir d’avenir, non ?

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Citation

Eitan - Unexpected successor of the M-113 Vehicle. Mass and armour - main advantages

PUBLISHED AT: Thursday, 04 August 2016, 10:50 

1c59fb80b1a2f5218203aa9d00ee581a.png
Image Credit: Israel Ministry of Defense/Facebook 

DEFENCE 24
kontakt@defence24.pl 

After a very long period of operational use of the legendary, continuously modernized track-chassis M-113 “Zelda” armoured carriers, the Israeli land forces decided to find a surprising replacement of that platform. Here, we mean the Eitan vehicle, which is a wheeled 8×8 APC. After the long period of analytical work and tests, the Israeli Army decided to acquire a wheeled platforms, even despite the earlier negative opinions (e.g. referring to the US-made Stryker IFV), suggesting that this type of combat vehicles has a limited level of usability within the scope of combat operations carried out within the areas of military interest of Israel.

The initial official information pertaining to the new Eitan and Carmel (32-tonnes demonstrator of a new generation combat vehicle) platforms have been publicized in October last year.

Prototype of the Eitan vehicle (Hebrew for long lived) was presented by the Israeli Ministry of Defence, together with the Israel Military Industries Ltd (IMI) company. This vehicle is going to be a complementary platform for the heavier, more expensive and specialized track-chassis-based Namer, carriers based on the Merkava tank. Representatives of the Israeli Army claim that Eitan is going to be the most advanced and best protected wheeled combat vehicle in the world. At the same time, its price is expected to be 50% lower than in case of the Namer platform.

During the course of the development works, rich experience gathered by the Israeli Army during the combat deployments, as well as conclusions gathered by other countries, pertaining to a number of similar operations, were used and put into practice. The main design assumption was to utilize, to a maximum extent available, the readily available and track-proven solutions and components of such vehicles, including the solutions known from the civilian applications. The hull, weapons system and applied protection have been originally designed in Israel, while every element of the optronic, self-defence, operational support and data transmission suites that could have been used in the wheeled platform, was taken straight from the Merkava IV tank and from the Namer vehicle.

bc8ec0cfcad067b3ca346d6c0c37ef90.jpeg
Heavy Namer carrier, based on the Merkava Mark 4 tank. Image Credit: Staff Sgt. (res.) Abir Sultan/IDF/flickr

The Eitan's crew consists of 3 persons (commander, driver and gunner) and nine fully equipped troops, who use the rear ramp for leaving the vehicle. The ramp is protected by two extended armoured modules. The troops may also use topside hatches to leave the carrier in question. The hull itself is designed in an arrangement which is quite high (for the mine protection purposes) while its front armour plates, lower and upper one, feature a peculiarly shaped surface which makes it possible to deflect the projectiles that could potentially hit the vehicle. The topside shape has a slightly different form, due to the headlights arrangement.

The carrier, contrary to its co-existing counterparts, features a both-sides inclined (from the perspective of the troop hatches) topside plate. The front pair of wheels is not completely covered from the front, which increases the probability of damage, nonetheless, such solution enhances the off-road capabilities of the vehicle. The same may be said about the exposed sides of the suspension system. It is possible though to install additional armour plating there, in a manner similar as the one applied in other series-manufactured vehicles. The general dimensions of the platform remain unknown, however it seems to be quite high and spacious. This makes it possible to freely arrange the interior and tailor it for specialized use and prospective modernization.

The Total Technically Permissible Mass (TTPM) is defined ad 35 tonnes – hence we may assume that payload capacity of the carrier is quite high – the Israeli designers, from the very beginning, decided to create a vehicle with TTPM which would correspond with the upper limit generally seen in case of similar solutions available on the market. 

Each of the crew-members is going to have equipment at his/her disposal, allowing them to gain full situational awareness, along with additional task-related systems allowing the crew to fully realize the position-related operations which are usually carried out by a crew-member operating the given portion of the vehicular systems. Each of the crew-members also has his own, independent hatch at his/her disposal. The vehicle has been fitted with a 750 HP engine which allows it to achieve top speed of 90 kilometres per hour on a hardened road.

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Eitan is replacing the M113 Zelda vehicles which are more than 50 years old. Image Credit: Israel Defense Forces/Flickr, CC BY 2.0

The protection is provided by a special purpose system including both passive combined armour modules, as well as passive and active electronic countermeasures. It is assumed that the minimum expected protection for the front part of the vehicle is equivalent to the level V+ defined by the STANAG 4569 norm, while the remaining areas are compliant with level IV of the same standard. The final configuration is going to feature a special variant of the active hard-kill protective suite which is a derivative of the Trophy system. The vehicle is also going to be ABC-protected and air-conditioned.

The armament of the vehicle, in the current armoured carrier variant consists of a remotely controlled module featuring a 40 mm automatic grenade launcher and 7.62 mm machine gun, or alternatively, a similar module featuring a .50-cal heavy machine gun. Modular structure of the carrier makes it possible to install a wide variety of weaponry on-board, depending on the user-defined requirements, including a 120 mm cannon or mortar, or even a rocket launcher. The IFV received by the Israelis is going to be fitted with a remotely controlled turret module with a 30 or 40 mm cannon, coupled machine gun and an ATGM launcher.

Moreover, data analysis and acquisition systems are also probably going to be innovative, since they are going to be based on the latest optoelectronic and electronic solutions. The carrier is going to be tailored to the net-centric battlefield, which means that not only is the platform going to operate in connection with the vehicles utilized by the land forces, but also with some other systems, including the ones used by the Air Force or the UAVs. The assumptions implemented allow us to expect that the platform is going to feature a number of systems which would increase the level of situational awareness of the carried troops. By installing a set of proper diagnostic systems for the key components and mechanisms of the vehicle, the maintenance processes are also going to be easier.

As a successor of the obsolete M-113 platform, the new vehicle is going to be manufactured in a number of specialized variants, so that it replaces the whole fleet of the M-113 carriers used so far. The series production is expected to begin in 2020, at the moment another two prototypes are being built, for the purpose of the further testing. USD 3 million is the estimated price per a single unit. 

Marek Dąbrowski

 

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Citation

eitan3-1-1074x483.jpg

The Israeli Ministry of Defense (MoD) continues the tests series for IDF’s first wheeled armored personnel carrier (APC), this time at the Golan Heights training field.
The MoD Merkava Tank Program Administration in collaboration with IDF’s ground forces, reported on another stage of the first development of the Israeli Eitan – a first prototype test drive at the IDF training fields, with the harsh and diverse terrain conditions of the Golan Heights.
The Eitan is an advanced multi-purpose APC with diverse capabilities, designated for combat and transport of soldiers at the battlefield under harsh and diverse conditions. The Eitan will be the most advanced and armor-protected wheeled combat vehicle in the world. It will be equipped with an active defense system (similar to the Namer series and the Merkava IV tanks) as well as with additional unique protection systems.

The Eitan’s most remarkable advantage will be its excellent mobility capabilities among different combat zones, and the fact that it is compatible for driving at a 90 km/h speed on paved roads without the help of a transporter.

 

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Citation

IDEX 2017: Eitan overseas build?

13th February 2017 - 13:00 

by Joe Charlaff in Jerusalem 

eitancropped.jpg

As Israel's newly developed Eitan 8x8 vehicle completes its final stages of testing there is a chance the production vehicles could be built in the US.

Defence sources told Shephard that internal discussion in the Israeli MoD are giving consideration to manufacturing Eitan in the US and purchasing it with US military aid.

But the MoD said that the Eitan is still in the development stages and has not yet been approved for mass production.

'If and when decisions are taken to produce it, and in what volume, the Ministry of Defense Merkava Tank Administration [MANTAK], which regards the involvement of Israeli industries in the Merkava project as a strategic asset, will take steps to ensure the share of Israeli industries in the project, as it has done up until now.'

It added: 'We emphasise that after the project is approved, production of the Eitan will take place simultaneously with production of the Merkava and Namer. In view of the increased procurement of armoured fighting vehicles following Operation Protective Edge, the Israeli defense industries' share of all these projects will increase, not decrease.'

It is the first 8x8 APC built in Israel and will gradually replace the ageing US-built M113 tracked vehicle that has been in-service since the 1970s. The vehicle was first unveiled in August 2016 by MANTAK and is due to enter service in 2020. Although it seems the MoD want to keep as much of the manufacturing in Israel, if capabilities are stretched then it could be General Dynamics in the US that could take on this work. GD already manufactures the Namer APC, which is based on the Merkava tank, at its facility in Lima, Ohio.

A high ranking IDF officer told Shephard that Eitan is in the final stages of testing prior to its expected approval by the IDF. In December, in the Jordan Valley, a combat platoon from the 50th battalion of the Nahal brigade tested the Eitan during a battalion drill. The soldiers tested the Eitan using different scenarios, such as driving in fields, in mud, and unloading. 

For the time being the APC will be used regularly in the Nahal brigade and as a tool by the rest of the ground forces, for training and combat. 

'Alongside the decision to accelerate the production of the Namer APC, it was decided to develop an additional tool, to complement it, which would enable fast, strategic mobility and maximum protection for ground forces. The series of exercises allowed the IDF to test the tool in a variety of terrains ahead of decisions regarding the volume of the purchase.' said BG Baruch Matzliah, head of MANTAK. 

Eitan has been designed as a multi-purpose APC for combat mobility in varied and difficult terrain. It includes advanced defense systems such as the Trophy active protection system and armour designed to protect against anti-tank missiles.

One of the advantages of the Eitan being an 8x8 wheeled vehicle is that it can reach high speeds of 90km/h on road – unlike the tracked M113 – and would be able to move from one combat area in the north of Israel to a different combat zone in the south without it having to be loaded and offloaded onto transporters for long distances like tracked vehicles.

'The decision to develop the Eitan was made in light of lessons learned during Operation Protective Edge, and the increased need to replace thousands of the IDF's veteran M113 APCs with modern tools with maximum protection, tailored to the existing threats in the arena', said BG Matzliah.

 

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Il y a 9 heures, Bechar06 a dit :

Sans vouloir remettre une pièce dans la machine, je trouve que le terme « char » pour ce projet (Carmel) est un peu usurpé… Il ressemble fortement à un VCI ou c’est moi qui déconne ?

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8 hours ago, Ardachès said:

Sans vouloir remettre une pièce dans la machine, je trouve que le terme « char » pour ce projet (Carmel) est un peu usurpé… Il ressemble fortement à un VCI ou c’est moi qui déconne ?

C'est quoi un VCI ... c'est quoi un char? Mais effectivement on s'éloigne d'un MBT a priori. On est plus sur l'engin d'appui direct, visiblement orienté autocanon.

Tellement qu'il fini d'y avoir une petite ressemblance avec le GSD LuWa.

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il y a une heure, g4lly a dit :

C'est quoi un VCI ... c'est quoi un char? Mais effectivement on s'éloigne d'un MBT a priori. On est plus sur l'engin d'appui direct, visiblement orienté autocanon.

Tellement qu'il fini d'y avoir une petite ressemblance avec le GSD LuWa.

… Oui, effectivement je n’ai pas été assez précis. Quand j’évoquais, dans mon exemple, un char je pensais plutôt à un MBT et pour rester dans le fil, je pensais - à tort - que le projet Carmel était le successeur du Merkava, d’où mon laïus.

Là, très clairement, les Israéliens amènent une rupture tant dans l’emploi que dans la forme … Une révolution au vu du Merkava. 

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