LunchTime
-
Compteur de contenus
520 -
Inscription
-
Dernière visite
-
Jours gagnés
1
Messages posté(e)s par LunchTime
-
-
Le 20.02.2017 à 19:03, DarkLabor a dit :
Il n'y a presque plus rien à voir tout (ou presque) a disparu a grands coups de baguettes magiques.
Est-ce que c'est seulement la première série de production ou quelque chose plus?
La France n'aura que 200 chars Leclerc XLR.
Vous pensez que combien d'entre eux seront mobilisable en cas de conflit majeur? 50% ou plus?
Combien de chars seront stockés comme réserve pour les pertes en combat?
-
101A Ceasar CSAR de Aeronautica Militare est arrivé en Pologne. Leonardo veut organiser une présentation pour l'armée.
-
Il y a 3 heures, Drakene a dit :
Ce point présent semble étrange sachant que les indiens veulent des canons sur camion, plus des canons tractés et que Nexter a présenté à l'Inde un 155 sans le camion.
CitationHSW which back then began its collaboration with Nexter Systems within the scope of obtaining the barrels for “Krabs” of the first unit, also got involved in negotiation with the French partner. At the same time, the company also stayed open to the competition proposed by the Israeli Elbit facility, offering the access to the ATMOS 2000 howitzer technology.
…
The selection of the “Elbit’s” offer has also been motivated by business criteria. The Israelis also did not force Poland to adopt the whole offer, including the platform. The Poles, since the very beginning, wanted the carrier to be developed domestically which, worryingly, seemed to be similar to the AS90 system and the “Krab” platform fate. Elbit has been much more flexible, when it came to the industrial collaboration.
Donc je compri que Nexter proposait un véhicule complet. Canon et camion.
L'Inde est un marché plus attrayant. Ils veulent commander 1400 obusiers, en Pologne, seulement 168 (7 escadrons).
-
Depuis longtemps, les forces armées polonaises utilisent de nombreux types d'armes à feu, mais jamais auparavant un tout nouveau modèle n'a été introduit comme principale arme individuelle pour les soldats. La situation peut être changée bientôt. Le système MSBS est introduit dans l'inventaire des militaires. Sa conception permet d'utiliser une seule carabine dans plusieurs applications.
Le concept de remplacer les armes de la famille Kalachnikov dans l'armée polonaise a été créé à l'Université militaire de technologie, au début du 21e siècle. La famille des fusils MSBS est en développement depuis 2007, date à laquelle le projet de développement d'un nouveau fusil modulaire 5.56 a été lancé, dans le but de créer une arme pour l'armée polonaise.
À la fin de 2016, le programme de test de qualification initiale pour le fusil MSBS-5.56K a commencé, le délai de mise en œuvre prévu devant durer de 6 à 8 mois.
Photos des premiers prototypes:
Tout le texte ici:
-
Il y a 13 heures, Philippe Top-Force a dit :
Nouvelle appel d'offres pour 8 hélicoptères CSAR pour forces spéciales et 8 hélicoptères marine ASM avec function SAR.
Plus tard, un autre appel d'offres pour les hélicoptères de transport et d'attaque.
d'après Inspectorat d’ armement:
http://iu.wp.mil.pl/aktualnosci.aktualnosc.224.0.html
-
Marine Polonaise
dans Europe
Après l'annulation du contrat pour les hélicoptères Caracal, situation de SAR en Pologne est dramatique.
Six hélicoptères Anakonda reste dans l'usine PZL Świdnik/ Leonardo. Nouveaux éléments ont été montés pendant la rénovation. Il ya des vibrations dangereuses, mais la source est inconnue. La Marine ne veut pas ramasser les hélicoptères jusqu'à ce que la panne soit corrigée.
Seuls deux hélicoptères maritimes Anakonda sont en service. Aussi deux hélicoptères M-14, mais une doit être retiré à la fin de l'année.
Futur hélicoptère maritime n'est pas encore sélectionné.
Probablement pour les Forces spéciales seront deux ou trois Black Hawk MH-60…(pas clair quel type ) d'occasion ou emprunté. Pas confirmée officiellement.
-
1
-
2
-
-
Marine Polonaise
dans Europe
Deux canons OTO Melara Marlin-WS de 30mm pour la patrouille ORP Ślązak.
http://www.polska-zbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/21737?t=Nowe-armaty-dla-Slazaka-
-
Antonov An-124 et Mi-24 d'Armée de l'air sénégalaise a Łódź.
http://kontakt24.tvn24.pl/monstrum-wyladowalo-an-124-ruslan-w-lodzi,223503.html
-
Marine Polonaise
dans Europe
Le 30.01.2017 à 14:25, capmat a dit :La Mer Baltique me semble limiter l'usage des sous-marins au transit du port vers les grands larges au delà du détroit du Danemark. Cela concerne donc aussi l'éventuelle flotte de sous marins Polonais.
La Mer Baltique est pas profonde, mais parfait pour les sous-marins (mais pas de taille l'océanique). Pendant le conflit les sous-marins cachés peuvent bloquer le fonctionnement de la flotte de Kaliningrad.
Les autres moyens nécessaires sont: les petits navires qui peuvent poser des mines, des hélicoptères avec les capacités ASM et la division missile côtière.
Par contre les grands navires sont destinées à assurer des engagements allies dans le cadre de l'OTAN.
Le 6.02.2017 à 12:28, capmat a dit :La "carte maitresse" des Allemands consiste a constituer simultanément un "stock tampon" par l'acquisition pour sa "Marine nationale" de 50% du volume vendu aux Norvégiens.
Ce "stock tampon" servira probablement d'argument dans les négociations avec les Polonais.
C'est sûr. Programme d'achat des sous-marins est retardé. La Marine sera obligée d'emprunter des sous-marins avant d'en recevoir de nouveaux. Et c'est la faiblesse de l'offre française.
Je vois plus d'opportunités pour DCNS de construire 6 navires de la taille des corvettes. Les navires de défense côtière «Miecznik» et les navires de patrouille «Czapla». PGZ a récemment acquis le chantier naval polonaise (Stocznia Marynarki Wojennej – SMW), qui pendant 16 (!) ans tente de terminer la corvette “Ślązak” (licence type MEKO A-100). Le chantier naval a besoin d'une rénovation et aura besoin d'un partenaire qui a le savoir-faire nécessaire.
L'âge moyen des navires polonaise 39 ans.
-
3
-
-
Pologne : démissions en série au sein de l'armée
http://www.france24.com/fr/20170215-focus-pologne-armee-otan-demission-russie-etats-unis
http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/01/05/...ands-military/
CitationExactly one year ago to the day, Poland’s minister of defense, Antoni Macierewicz, was quoted as saying he wanted to grow Poland’s army from 100,000 to 150,000. He called it “the minimum which is necessary to respond to military threats.”
Macierewicz did add 50,000 troops. But they did not join the military, per se. Rather, they were considered a separate entity — volunteer troops to trained and ready in three years and equipped with Polish-made materials; who focus not on operational maneuvers, but on local tasks; and who are not in the military structure, but are answerable to the Ministry of Defense.
The territorial defense brigades were one part of a larger change in Poland over the past year. It included the government returning military manufacturing to Poland and giving more control to the Ministry of Defense. Yet as Warsaw and the world looks ahead to an incoming U.S. president who has been openly critical of NATO, the reforms also perhaps have undermined Poland’s own national defense in the process.
In addition to the territorial defense brigades, the return of Polish military manufacturing makes sense in terms of domestic politics, said Marek Swierczynski, senior analyst at Polityka Insight. But it is less logical in terms of geopolitics — namely, the always-looming threat of Russia and need to meet certain NATO standards, particularly at an uncertain time.
Macierewicz’s Law and Justice party came to power in late 2015 on a platform of returning to Polish values and social programs for Polish people. Admittedly, the previous ruling party had put in place a very expensive armament program.
But the current government “almost turned upside down what is being procured,” Swierczynski said in an interview with Foreign Policy. It postponed and reduced, for example, the purchase of search and rescue helicopters for the Navy (and will now likely not meet NATO and the EU’s search and rescue requirements), and will instead focus on the purchase of small drones.
This is in part because of the extensive social programs promised by the Law and Justice party, which probably cannot be enacted if the government is also spending 8 to 10 billion zloty annually on new military equipment. Moreover, the military equipment being bought can be made in Poland — specifically, in eastern and central Poland, home to the Polish defense industry, and also to many Law and Justice voters.
To be clear, Poland has not entirely stopped purchasing from foreign countries (like, for example, from the United States, which recently sold Warsaw state-of-the art JASSM-ER missiles). But Law and Justice, which cancelled a deal with France’s AirBus and said last month it would instead buy locally-manufactured helicopters — is re-industrializing Poland.
It’s “very much like Donald Trump, actually,” Swierczynski explained — Law and Justice is making Poland great again, one small Polish drone at a time. But they are doing so for political reasons, and not, necessarily, because that is will best serve the army or, by extension, the safety and security of Poland.
Perhaps more unsettlingly for the future of Poland’s military is the reality that Macierewicz and the Defense Ministry spent the past year making changes to the army without consulting its most senior personnel. The chief of defense was not consulted when the ministry replaced his deputies. People are appointed to positions without the necessary ranking required. The NATO-Corps deputy commander is supposed to be a two-star general, but a colonel was given the post instead. The Washington military attache — also at least a one-star position — has been empty since April.
The lower ranks, Swierczynski explained, are quite pleased with these changes. They have been getting more pay raises and promotions. They are allowed to serve as privates for as long as they like now (there used to be a 12 year limit, after which they were expected to try to move up the ranks). Now, they can gain pension entitlements without being promoted.
But the higher ranks are displeased. On Dec. 15 and 16 — the same day Warsaw was engulfed in protest after the government tried to pass a law limiting media access to parliament — Miroslaw Rozanski, commander general of the armed forces and Adam Duda, in charge of purchasing for the Polish army, resigned. Adam Gocul, chief of general staff and Poland’s only four-star general, also is said to be leaving soon.
Polish Defense Ministry Undersecretary Tomasz Szatkowski told Foreign Policy that Polish allies understand personnel changes are natural, and suggested that the general’s resignation was in part because he did not agree that efforts should be concentrated around Eastern Poland. The ministry puts “real professionals into these posts,” he stressed.
But Macierewicz has the mentality that professionalism is not of the utmost importance. His belief is that “You can gain professionalism in due time,” Swierczynski said. “First, you have to be loyal.”
That’s what was seen in 2016. Whether the Polish military will be better served by loyalty than it was by professionalism in the age of a potential alliance between Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin will be seen in the year, and years, to come.
Foreign Policy’s Robbie Gramer contributed reporting to this post.
-
3
-
-
Il y a 2 heures, rogue0 a dit :
A propos de contrat de SAM:
le consortium MEADS retente le coup, avec une nouvelle offre (non sollicitée?) pour la défense anti aérienne polonaise (avec plus d'offset ?)
http://www.janes.com/article/67458/meads-puts-in-new-bid-for-wisla
Apparemment, la dernière fois, ils avaient été directement recalés, car les polonais exigeait un système déjà en service actif (donc au point)
La Pologne cherchait d'un système compatible avec les plus grands alliés militaires (Américains ou Allemands). En Juillet, 2015. Ministère de la Défense allemand a choisi MEADS comme base pour son nouveau système de défense antiaérienne (Taktisches Luftverteidigungssystem). En Février 2016 la Pologne a proposé la reprise des négociations.
Également le minister Antoni Maciarewicz a annoncé l'envoi LOR (letter of request) pour acheter Patriot. Mais la Pologne n’est intéressé que le Patriot avec un nouveau système IBCS disponible après 2019.
Après une année MEADS a présenté sa contreproposition. Baisse des prix. Plus d'avantages pour l'industrie. Transfert de technologie de nitrure de gallium (GaN). Le développement du missile "low cost" avec Lockheed (aussi la version pour SHORAD). PGZ peut acquérir le statut d'un partenaire dans le consortium aux côtés de MBDA et Lockheed Martin.
Dans les négociations en Pologne le plus actif est Lockheed. Il a beaucoup à offrir au-delà du contrat: l'autonomie dans le maintien de F16, éventuel MLU de F16s d'occasion, assurer l'avenir de l'usine Sikorsky.
-
Il y a 10 heures, Bechar06 a dit :
Bonne info ! Mais un petit résumé des points fondamentaux aurait été intéressant
Résumé.
“Kryl” est une partie du programme de la la modernisation dl'artillerie. Le remplacement des véhicules “Dana” et “Goździk” par caliber 155.
Krill est un équivalent moins cher d'un obusier automoteur “Krab”. “Krab” est prévu pour les divisions blindées. “Kryl” pour brigades mécanisées avec “Rosomaks”
Cannon de “Kryl” est une ATMOS israélienne (Nexter ne voulait pas vendre Cesar sans un camion).
Pour obtenir la possibilité de transport aérien par C-130 et le prix bas “Kryl” n’a pas de recharger automatique. L'armée veut cette capacité.
Programme de la modernisation d'artillerie:
-Langusta- modernization de 75 lance-roquettes multiple BM-21 Grad
-Krab- 96 obusier automoteur 155mm
-Rak- mortier 120mm
-Kryl- obusier 155mm sur le camion
-Homar- lance-roquettes 227 mm (peut être HIMARS )
MBDA signe un accord industriel avec le Polonais PGZ:
http://www.altair.com.pl/news/view?news_id=21516
Principalement proposition pour défense aérienne à courte portée- MICA VL et CAMM (dans la compétition avec NASAMS de KONGSBERG).
Mais aussi des programmes navales, missiles pour les hélicoptères et pour les forces terrestres.
-
1
-
-
http://www.defence24.com/539250,kryl-going-through-a-renaissance
Citation“Kryl” Going Through a Renaissance?
Huta Stalowa Wola has accelerated the work on the 155 mm “Kryl” self-propelled howitzer, based on a wheeled platform.Polish Armed Forces have declared that, following the introduction of the “Krab” howitzer, “Kryl” is going to become yet another artillery system, which will make it possible to fully replace the “Gvozdikas” and “Danas”. The manufacturer declares that production readiness may be attained as early as in 2018, however, in order to achieve that, it is highly desirable to define the requirements and carry out a number of formal procedures.
Throughout the last several months, following the self-propelled “Rak” mortar (with procurement agreement signed on 28th April 2016, concerning 8-company-sized “fire modules”), “Regina” system became the main actor of this part of the stage of the Polish Defence industry, related to modernization of the rocket and artillery component of the Army. “Krab” howitzer is the central element of the aforesaid solution. The peak moment of the Regina programme is seen in the contract signed back in December, the value of which is defined as PLN 4.7 billion, and the goal of which was to acquire another four “Squadron Fire Modules”. In the shadow of the aforesaid initiatives, which would result in procurement of 64 “Rak” [Crayfish] 120 mm mortars (by 2019), and another 96 “Krab” [Crab] SPHs (until 2024), another crustacean of the HSW family remained - “Kryl” [Krill] - a howitzer lighter from its tracked cousin, based on the Israeli ATMOS 2000 system and a specially designed 3-axle “Jelcz” chassis.
A prototype of the said cannon, which undoubtedly introduces a new level of quality into the offer of the Polish armament industry, had been premiered when the future of its tracked relative was still being scrutinized. The above does not mean that after the problems with the chassis were solved, and after a contract concerning the “Krab” system was signed, “Kryl” has become less important for the Army. However, still no clear stance was taken, one could even get an impression that the opinions of the Missile and Artillery component of the Polish Army and of the Armament Inspectorate differed, when it came to that matter.
The fact that the programme concerning the wheeled 155 mm SPH is yet again becoming important for the Army has been confirmed by Antoni Macierewicz, Minister of Defence.
“The army has already rekindled its interest in that project.The work will commence” - as it was stated by Antoni Macierewicz, on 18th November 2016, during a press conference finalizing his visit at Huta Stalowa Wola.
The aforesaid declaration was made several days after the Minister had signed the new, updated technical modernization plan, formally crossing out the wheeled SPH programme out of the list. The original modernization plan which was to be pursued between 2013 and 2022 did not even mention “Kryl”. The platform emerged there after the amendments, and it was assumed that the “Kryl” development project which began after an agreement was signed by and between the National Centre for Research and Development and HSW on 28th December 2011, would lead us towards creation of a prototype in 2014, which has been done, and towards finalization of the development project by 27th December 2015. During that year, factory test programme was being pursued, however no specific steps for Kryl have been defined within the period between 2016 and 2017. A silence which was difficult to comprehend was the main thing that could have been witnessed in case of that programme, leaving a lot of space for speculation.
In the initial phase of work of this project it was assumed that the goal would be to acquire 4 units for the brigades which operate the Rosomak vehicle. 24 cannons per a single module. But, when back in 2012 an entry emerged in the technical modernization plan, regarding a new date on which the development work should end - last quarter of 2018 - an acquisition plan has been defined, starting from 2019, of 7 “Kryl” modules, 168 howitzers in total. This weaponry would also cooperate with the brigades equipped with the IFVs. This means that an assumption, in line with which “Gvozdikas” were to be replaced by “Krabs”, and “Danas” were to be replaced by “Kryl”, has evolved.
Such arrangements remained valid, until the moment when October amendments were introduced into the technical modernization plan – initially the programme was removed, but after several days, Macierewicz announced that “Kryl” programme is still on the go. Head of the Polish Armament Inspectorate, Brig. General Adam Duda, who resigned from his position in December, had told us: If the Defence Minister said so, then it means that it would happen so. Brig. general Sławomir Owczarek, who began his service on the position of the head of the Artillery and Missile component of the Army said that such capability is desirable, so that we have a unit like that, on the wheels, which would fill in the gap of the wheeled brigades. It would partially replace the “Gvozdika” howitzers, and “Danas” in a longer run. General admits that he is acquainted with the assumptions of the “Kryl” programme, in line with which the system was to be procured after 2022: As the chief of the Missile and Artillery Forces I would like this to happen as early as possible, but this is not dependent on me...
Up until recently, the position taken by the Ordering Party in relation to “Kryl” was ambiguous. The contractor was focused on finalizing the preparation of the “Rak” mortar and “Regina” SPHs production phase, also waiting for a message from the Ministry that it is becoming interested again in acquisition of a wheeled 155 mm howitzer, with effectiveness and range equivalent to the corresponding parameters of the “Krab” system. The declaration made by the Minister of Defence, quite coherent with the stance exhibited by the artillery units, makes it possible to hope that the “stopping point” between the development work of the National Centre for Research and Development and further development at the Polish Ministry of Defence, would be eradicated.
“Kryl”’ programme has not, so far, been proceeded on the basis of the guidance of the Armament Inspectorate, and clear and official requirements authorized by the Polish Ministry of Defence in line with Decision No. 72. It may be said that in some way, the said initiative exists similarly to a human without a birth certificate. Assuming that both parties - Army and the programme leader - have good intentions, clarification of the formalities could be finalized in no more than a couple of months.
Currently the relevant documentation is being prepared. Updating, supplementing and submitting of the said documents at the Armament Inspectorate is a matter of couple of months. So far, the situation is as follows: since more than 2 years the vehicle has been operable, it is drivable, it shoots, it carries out all of the tasks it was designed to carry out, but still, the military test programme remains impossible to be passed due to procedural reasons. Without confirmed tactical and technical requirements, continuation of the costly research is quite cost-inducing for the manufacturer. The Polish Ministry of Defence could disapprove the research results, on the grounds of the fact that no formal basis for that exists. This is also a hampering factor, making it more difficult to export the “Kryl” howitzer, since this type of armament is quite desirable on the foreign markets.
HSW has already arranged, together with the artillery units, an offer of complete “Kryl” squadron modules, both for the artillery regiments, as well as for the general brigades. In its basic assumption made by the Management of the Missile and Artillery Component, this shall serve as a model of fire modules structure, both for the prospective “Homar”’ system, as well as for “Langusta”, also including a complex reconnaissance component, technical support system, medical support, etc.
The road towards development of the “Kryl” system, created back in August 2014, and rolled out in September 2014 during the MSPO exhibition, was far from being smooth. The prelude could have been witnessed during the MSPO 2008 event, when “Caesar” system has been presented by the Nexter Systems company, as a collaboration offer for the Polish Arms Industry, in the process of obtaining a new type of artillery. HSW was the natural collaborator here, since the Polish entity has just begun its works on the “Rak” turret module, and it has also, after 4 years of suspension, reactivated the “Krab” programme which evolved into the form of the “Regina” squadron-sized fire modules programme, with “Krab” placed at its core.
HSW which back then began its collaboration with Nexter Systems within the scope of obtaining the barrels for “Krabs” of the first unit, also got involved in negotiation with the French partner. At the same time, the company also stayed open to the competition proposed by the Israeli Elbit facility, offering the access to the ATMOS 2000 howitzer technology, with barrel length of 52 calibres.
During the initial phase of work, a concept of basing this platform on other designs has been rejected. “Zuzana 2” was also rejected since, similarly as “Dana” it featured an autonomous, closed turret system, associated with the tracked platforms, which to some degree may be a controversial view. Automation of the loading process was the advantage of that option, with weight seen as a disadvantage. FH-77 BW L52 “Archer” system offered by BAe Systems was considered to be too expensive, as it was comparable with acquisition of an equivalent tracked platform. It was assessed that the weight of the product (30 tonnes), range and design with a closed, automated loading system, are not compliant with the requirements of the Polish Army. Moreover, the Poles have assumed that in conditions of real combat, lack of the manual channel may pose a threat in which mission could not be completed, should the complicated loading system become faulty. The later fate of the system, with Norway resigning from procurement of 24 cannons, only confirmed the accuracy of the aforesaid analyses. “Caesar” and ATMOS 2000 could still have been selected back then.
The comparative analysis of both highly advanced, but different designs have shown that the Israeli model had an advantage. Not only was it considered to include a number of better solutions (e.g. different breech), it also had better parameters deciding on the combat features, including a wider scope of operation for the mechanism controlling the cannon.
Even though the French design had a firing elevation range of 0.6 – 67.5 degrees, and azimuth range of 15 degrees (from the longitudinal axis of the carrier, in both directions), in case of the Israeli cannon, the available elevation range was from -2 to +70 degrees and, 25 degrees change was possible in case of the horizontal plane. This is highly important in a situation when it is required to change the target coordinates, since there is no need to change the position of the cannon, or change the firing position. Moreover, Israeli solutions related to the issue of transferring the dynamic load following the shot onto the ground were also considered to be better (better location for the cradle bearing). This has been confirmed by the shooting tests, since rounds shot from “Kryl”, with identical setting, have been hitting the very same point.
Neither of the cannons did offer full automation of the ammunition loading process, as compared to the “Zuzana 2” and “Archer” concepts rejected before.
Contrary to the opinions that are quite common, the automated loading system is not a frequent solution applied in the contemporary large calibre howitzers, especially in case of the wheeled platforms. Slovak solutions are an exception here: “Dana”, “Zuzana” and “Eva” systems, with the latter still surrounded by a bit of mystery. The automatic loader is also present in case of the Russian 2S19 and 2S35 systems, and probably in case of the Serbian NORA B-52 system with a closed turret. “Krab”, AS90, T-155 “Firtina” and K9 “Thunder”, or even PzH 2000 are all fitted with a semi-automatic loading system, mechanizing, not automating the loading process.
The selection of the “Elbit’s” offer has also been motivated by business criteria. The Israelis also did not force Poland to adopt the whole offer, including the platform. The Poles, since the very beginning, wanted the carrier to be developed domestically which, worryingly, seemed to be similar to the AS90 system and the “Krab” platform fate. Elbit has been much more flexible, when it came to the industrial collaboration. Thanks to the above, it was possible to arrange a number of solutions which turned out to be advantageous for Poland.
When the contract was being negotiated, no certainty existed, when it came to the ambitious plan of modernizing and expanding the Stalowa Wola’s barrel production facility, so that it would obtain an ability to manufacture 155 mm, 52 calibre-long barrels. At the moment, HSW still has a choice, when it comes to production of the whole cannon, or solely of its cradle system, or whether solely the barrel and breech would be manufactured at HSW.
The production orders portfolio of the HSW, related to the artillery systems, is being constantly expanded, it may turn out that inclusion of the “Kryl” barrels in that portfolio may require more effort, also within the scope of investment, not only within the scope of organization. As we know, 8 company-sized “Rak” fire units will be in production until the year 2019, “Krab” production process, regarding the 4 modules, is being accelerated - it is to last until 2024. Starting from 2019 or 2020, ZSSW-30 turret systems are to enter production, while as of 2020 or 2021, a new IFV is going to enter the production stage, if we do not witness a significant delayy concerning the “Borsuk” programme. At the beginning of 2017, mechanical processing began in the part of the barrel manufacturing facility responsible for the barrels of the largest calibres. This period also confirms the assumptions pertaining to the processing systems of that facility. The barrels manufactured in Poland are going to be received by “Krab” systems of the second Squadron Fire Module unit. Even though the “Krab” turrets, along with the components of the cannon, have been manufactured at HSW, the barrels were being imported. Initially they were being delivered by Nexter systems, and then, by Rheinmetall.
We do not know when, and how many M120G tracked “Rak” mortars are going to be procured by the Army within the relevant contracts. This will entail continuation of production process of the 120 mm mortar barrels beyond the year 2019. It still remains unclear whether, within the framework of “polonizing” the Leopard main battle tanks, Polish Ministry of Defence decides to establish a manufacturing capability concerning the barrels for that platform domestically, at the HSW facility. The acquisition of a relevant license still remains an open issue too. We also have no knowledge when it comes to the plans made by the Polish Ministry of Defence, regarding the equipment for the territorial defence units, in case of which M98 and M120 conventional mortars are being offered by HSW, along with a new Nexter Systems 105 mm LG1 Mk III cannon, some elements of which are already being manufactured in Stalowa Wola. More questions emerge when it comes to the HSW’s involvement in the production process related to the KDA35 cannons for the Navy and rocket launchers and other components of the “Homar” and “Wisła” programmes.
Each of the aforesaid projects will impose more workload on the HSW SA production capabilities, especially on the barrel manufacturing facility, one of the three of this kind in Europe. Despite that, the readiness to begin series manufacturing of “Kryl” which has passed the qualification tests already may be announced as early as at the beginning of 2018.
All of the speculation above, referring to the “Kryl” manufacturing phase, seems to look like counting chickens before they hatch, taking into the account some issues that need to be brought to order at the current stage.
“Kryl” has been founded on an assumption that it shall be air-mobile, meaning that C-130 Hercules aircraft should be capable of transporting the system. Most probably, the aforesaid requirement has been formed under the pressure of the experiences gathered during foreign deployments, throughout which “Dana” howitzers have proven to be very useful. They have been delivered to the Afghan theatre with conventional means of transport. It has been determined then than the potential successor must offer an option of being deployed by air. It has also been shown that “Caesar” howitzer meets the said requirement, which has not been fully verified. Moreover, unofficial speculation suggests that the stabilizing blade and ammunition storages are removed and transported onboard a separate aircraft. This has been confirmed by the crews of the Polish C-130 planes, who have witnessed the process in which the French howitzers were being unloaded. Nevertheless, a requirement has been set to transport the system with the use of the Hercules. This meant that there was a need to contain the size and weight of the howitzer within a limited envelope (maximum weight of 20 tonnes - which is the payload of the C-130).
At the very beginning, this imposed a number of limitations on the designers, which was reminiscent of the conditions met by the “Borsuk” IFV’s design team. Meeting the mutually exclusive requirements means that either a compromise must be created, or non-standard solutions must be implemented. For “Kryl”, this meant that transported mass could not exceed 19 tonnes. At the same time, relevant requirements concerning the ballistic protection of the cabin also had to be met.
The only option to achieve that goal has been seen in designing the chassis from scratch, with fixed parameters of the cannon and its frame, resulting from its structural properties. Elbit has diminished the weight of the cannon by 500 kilograms, down to 9.5 tonnes, to meet the Polish needs. The chassis, in order to meet the weight requirement (9.5 tonnes) also had to include a number of non-standard solutions, utilizing, among other elements, new materials,, making it possible to attain the lowest weight possible, with the required strength maintained. In case of the wheeled SPH, one had to take into account the extreme dynamic load caused by firing the cannon with a full charge.
The designers, as an effect of the effort above, have rolled out, on 17th July 2014, a new Jelcz 663.28 chassis with MTU 6R106TD engine (326 HP power output), with a mechanical (option of using a fully automatic one) ZF transmission (9+1) For the first time ever, Jelcz has been creating a vehicle which from the very beginning was designed for a military purpose. The design process involved, among other entities: Military University of Technology, Wrocław University of Technology, as well as Elbit.
For the first time in case of the Jelcz cars, the engine block is protruded and placed in front of the front axle. This made it possible to improve the weight distribution, imposing a greater load onto the steerable axle, on the other hand – the cabin became lower, thanks to that. For the purpose of saving weight, the engine cover has been created out of plastics, which was a mistake. Even though the weight of the system was lower, the handling properties offroad were worsened, when it came to the steering properties related to the front wheels – hence, more load had to be imposed at the front.
The traction problems have been solved, the vehicle has its performance conforming with the requirements, both when the ammunition remains onboard (18 rounds, but more may be carried - there is still more performance envelope available), as well as when the rounds are used up.
“Kryl” is capable of attaining speeds of 90 kph on the road, which is equivalent to the parameters of the mechanized brigades’ “Rosomak” family vehicles. And it is these vehicles that are to be the main platform with which the Kryl howitzer should cooperate. Offroad performance is sufficient not to hamper the speed of movement of the group, range has been defined as 500 kilometres (640 km is the target range), with two full fuel tanks. The howitzer may be driven along 20 degree slopes (longitudinally and in a traverse manner) and over 30 degree slopes, ditches, thresholds, it may also wade in water up to 1.2 meters deep. Central tyre pumping system has also been fitted on the platform, guaranteeing its mobility should the tyres be shot. Moreover, the system also regulates the vehicle height and clearance, which is defined as no less than 0.38 m. For the 5-persons crew - ultimately the vehicle is to be used by a crew of 6, an armoured cabin is provided, which may receive extra protection in a form of additional panels. The cabin has been fitted with an A/C system with filters, it is separated from the engine compartment with a sealed bulkhead, it also features a hatch in the roof part.
The initial operational requirements for the development work did not include any conditions related to passive protection measures, such as laser warning receivers or smoke grenade dispensers. IED and mine protection levels also have not been defined. It seems unlikely that such cannon would be operated in an unknown area, in direct contact with the enemy, hence the above is not a surprise. “Kryl” has been required to tow a trailer, with maximum mass of 2000 kilograms. At maximum permissible weight, the howitzer may, without any limitations, use public roads, bridges and overpasses. The maximum permissible vehicle width without the mirrors - 2.44 meters, maximum height (lower than in case of e.g. “Ceasar”) is 3.44 meters, total length is 10.3 meters.
C-130 loading process has been successful, even though some problems within that scope emerged. However, once the said condition has been met, the air-mobility requirement was relaxed. This ability has not been resigned from completely, but doubtful condition of tailoring the system to be carried by a specific airlifter has been taken out of the equation (similar condition has been implemented in case of the Stryker APC). C-130 would be capable to carry Kryl, however, its operational range would be drastically limited. Even though, the howitzer may be transported by Hercules, after several conditions are met.
The whole fire control system is compatible with the equivalent solutions utilized in case of other ordnance utilized, or planned to be utilized by the Polish artillery units. We know that the said systems are based on the most advanced solutions in the world, resulting from a long term and effective collaboration between HSW and WB Electronics. Thanks to the above, which is, with a high degree of satisfaction, being confirmed both by the designers, as well as by the users, should an emergency arise, any other “Krab” crew could operate the “Kryl” howitzer, in an intuitive manner. This has been achieved thanks to the “Topaz” software, implemented in case of all artillery assets within the Polish Armed Forces.
The electronic and ICT equipment of the “Kryl” howitzer includes, among other solutions, FONET communications suite, digital radio, MRVS 700 SCD muzzle velocity radar, TALIN 5000 INS/GPS system with an odometer, ballistic computer and artillery computer. The fire control and command systems have been automated to a high degree. The data coming from the command centre may be processed immediately, even when the crew is outside of the vehicle. This accelerates the firing solution data exchange process. Should the automated targeting system be damaged, the gunner may use instruments allowing for manual operation.
When the mission is being carried out, the whole crew stays outside of the vehicle, at positions which are strictly defined, at which not all of the crew members maintain visual contact among themselves and with the commander. Thus the crew also communicates via radio headsets. Entering and exiting the cabin is very efficient. Moreover, the time required to leave the firing position is not longer than several seconds from the last shot. Within the context of the requirements concerning the time required to change the firing position, fitting the Kryl howitzer with the APU unit is controversial. For the reaction time, it is highly important that the engine of the vehicle remains active when the weapon is fired, to make rapid evasion possible, thus APU seems like a redundant element of dubious relevance. Using an APU of proper power is pointless, since there is no space, it creates extra weight and cost and only minor fuel savings, as compared with the main engine, with insignificant reduction of the thermal signature.
“Kryl”, similarly as “Krab”, may use any ammunition compliant with the JBMoU memorandum, and the very same propelling charges. From the logistical point of view, this is very significant, but often unappreciated. So far, Polish Ministry of Defence has not revealed the APR precision rounds requirements, but one may speculate that such needs are obvious, even though they have not been officially formulated.
Kryl’s cannon range is defined as 5 to 40 kilometres. Rate of fire of 6 rounds per minute was achievable by the factory crew at HSW. It may be increased significantly by a well-trained military personnel. In case of suspended fire, the rate of fire is two rounds per minute. Naturally, the software is compliant with the MRSI system. “Kryl” has successfully passed the low temperature tests.
In numerous discussions relating to the howitzer, lack of an automated loading system is defined as the main disadvantage of this design. The condition of fitting the howitzer with an automated system later is sometimes brought up by the military. Thus, it has almost a mythical value, having a decisive impact on the Kryl’s combat abilities or lack thereof.
This solution, as mentioned above, is very rare in other designs. Since the very beginning, should an automated loading system be implemented, such design is developed to provide full loading automation. One of the imperative conditions is to connect the loading mechanism for the round and the propellant with the magazine for rounds and propelling charges, and an igniter feed.
This means that the number of charges available for immediate use remains limited. Every stage of the process needs to be monitored by a computer, the purpose of which is to manage the modular propelling charges and deliver a proper number of charges, without any interference required on the part of the crew, depending on the firing solution, range, trajectory, and so on. This is, obviously, feasible, if the cannon is designed around the autoloader, at the very beginning of the development process.
Is it possible to design such system for “Kryl”, based on ATMOS 2000? The representatives of HSW unanimously state that without redesigning the whole cannon section, this would be infeasible. The complete redesign would have consequences, and it would entail the need of redesigning of the chassis, in order to take into account the unavoidable change of the weight distribution or the cradle system shape. For the whole programme, this would form a fundamental need to increase the effort, with dubious certainty of the success, should work within that scope be undertaken. Here, only after years of development and expenditure, one could learn if the effort was worth it, even when an option of procuring a license for a ready design of that kind, such as “Eva” would be pursued - “Eva” is still being developed.
The issue becomes clearer, when one precisely defines the “autoloader” as a mechanized feed system, even though such solution does not relieve the loaders from loading the cannon. In case of Kryl, such solution is feasible. Still, a question remains, whether it would be reasonable, and what costs would be entailed. Elbit company has a ready-made automated loading mechanism design at its disposal. It is based on the ATHOS 2000 towed howitzer solutions. The operation of the system is based on raising the round to the height of the breech, and coordinating the position of the loading channel with the barrel. Then, the ammunition is fed in two stages. First, the round is loaded, with the propellant charge to follow. As in case of this solution, a conventional loading channel does not exist, the round should be placed directly in the breech and fed with the use of a manual feed.
The mechanical feed system in case of the “Ceasar” cannon is of different design, as the round is placed onto the channel located to the left side of the breech, and then an arm raises the channel up to the barrel level and feeds in the round. This solution has similar disadvantages and also has no impact on increased rate of fire. Should the loading system be damaged, loading the cannon is difficult without a conventional loading channel, and the round must be fed into the breech manually. The round weighs 50 kilograms, and handling it without an option of supporting it on a channel is quite difficult and dangerous in intense combat. In such situation, more loaders would be required, which renders the automated system useless.
In both cases, this reduces the workload imposed on the crew and makes the conditions available more comfortable. However, as mentioned, the said solution increases the potential risk of damage, and emergence of high consequential costs. For the manufacturer the aforesaid ramification has no significant meaning. The situation is different in case of the Ordering -Party, covering the cost mentioned above. The representatives of the HSW facility also point to relevant advantages of the current solutions, namely, it is reliable, cost-effective, and errors are difficult to be made, should it be applied.
Brig. general Sławomir Owczarzak claims that the Army would still require HSW to implement more automated solutions in case of Kryl. Such requirement is easy to be understood if one observes the howitzer being fired at low elevation settings, when the chamber is located in the highest position, as compared to the operator’s deck on the blade.
An interesting response to that requirement has been prepared at HSW/WB Electronics. Within a few weeks, it is possible to modify the fire control system and “Topaz” software, in a way which would make the loading process much more efficient. This solution is only applied within the software of the fire control system, it is reversible, and it would have no impact on the current design and configuration of the cannon, or on the maintenance conditions, it would also not entail any cost related to expansion and further complication of the design Should the current solution face a fault, the system moves along with the cannon which has a redundant control system. Meanwhile malfunction of the currently applied hydraulic ammunition feed does not make it impossible to control the cannon, since the “loading channel” still makes it easier for the crew to place the round inside the barrel. Acceptance of this solution by the Army still remains an open issue.
The progress of work on the programme, and introduction the “Kryl” howitzer into the inventory of the Polish Army is also an object of interest of the Israeli partner of the HSW facility. The Israeli company declares that it would get involved in acquisition of foreign buyers, should the works on the howitzer be completed. The interest is quite significant, also outside Europe. Both HSW, as well as Elbit, see introduction of Kryl into the inventory of the Polish army as an important argument, related to the export initiatives that could follow.
Up until now, the National Centre for Research and Development provided an amount of PLN 28 million to finance the Kryl programme. HSW has made its own contribution too.
Jerzy Reszczyński
-
1
-
-
Le 25.01.2017 à 05:48, g4lly a dit :
Pourquoi retourné? Le moteur est bien toujours a l'avant dans le compartiment classique?
Version du véhicule 6x6 a été exigé pendant la compétition, en 2002. Il a été tout simplement un véhicule classique coupé avec toutes les défauts de cette solution. L'armée recherchait d'autres propositions.
En 2005 KTO Irbis produit par WZM Poznań
Ensuite, en 2013 le véhicule Bóbr propose par AMZ Kutno.
Enfin, en 2015 Rheinmetalla a déclaré que peut produire avec PGZ un successeur de Fuchs.
Donc le retour du AMV 6x6 est pour moi surprenant. La photo est apparue sur Twitter de MoD sans description. Il y a des informations non officielles qu'un nouveau véhicule basé sur l'AMV. Bien que, comme tu remarqué le moteur est placé à l'avant, pas au centre.
Un véhicule sera présenté en Septembre au salon MSPO Kielce. Mais le plus intéressant sera la présentation du future VCI développé dans le programme “Borsuk”. Suspension de K9 coréen, moteur MTU, tourelle ZSSW-30.
-
Il y a 2 heures, Teenytoon a dit :
Je croyais que CHC avait déclaré ne plus vouloir utiliser les H225 suite au dernier crash. Je dois me tromper de compagnie.
Heli-One à Rzeszow est le centre de service d'hélicoptère. Regardez la liste des clients, pas seulement la flotte CHC Helicopters.
http://www.heli-one.ca/about-us/partners-customers
-
Il y a 14 heures, Manu a dit :
C'est un H225/H225M, on reconnaît le caisson sous la queue de l'appareil.
J'ai trouvé. Ces deux Super Pumas civils, qui retournent après le service en CHC Helicopters à Rzeszow.
-
Il y a 6 heures, g4lly a dit :
Plus ou moins.
- Le PIS a une forte composante socialiste au niveau économique et conservatrice au niveau social.
- Trump est sensé être plus proche des russes que des polonais ce qui n'est pas forcément tres rassurant pour les polonais.
Nous payons le Pizzo aux Américains l’engagement politique, en OPEX, prisons secretes de CIA, et cetera…
-
Photo intéressante:
Il est possible que l'idée d'acquérir le AMV/rosomak 6x6 retourné. Patria a préparé une version du véhicule 6x6 pour l'armée de terre pour remplacer le BRDM-2 de reconnaissance. Enfin en 2006, après des essais de terrain abandonné achat, en raison de mauvaises capacités amphibies.
-
le premier F-16 avec JASSM
-
3
-
-
Quelques jours plus tard, le MoD est plus precise:
16 hélicoptère acheter cette année (8 marine et 8 forces spéciales). 2 hélicoptères pour FS mois prochain, sûrement Black-Hawk S-70i. Le reste de la 14 en competition (Leonardo, Lockheed, Airbus).
“Il y a la possibilité d'acheter un nombre important de nouveaux F16. Nous parlons avec les Américains.”- le ministre a dit. Je pense que 3/4 escadron maximum (36/48 avions).
Le contrat pour les sous-marins cette année aussi.
-
Mi-24 d'Armée de l'air sénégalaise en Pologne.
http://www.wzl1.mil.pl/lodz/wizyta-sil-powietrznych-republiki-senegalu
CitationPolish company Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 1 S.A. (Military Aviation Works No. 1) has confirmed that conducts maintenance, repair, overhaul Mi-24 attack helicopters for Senegalese Air Defence.
Last week WZL-1 had an honour to host a visit of Senegalese Delegation. We are happy to inform that the general overhaul of a first Mi-24 helicopter for Senegal is finished.
The acceptance flight was performed on 12th of January 2017, with a participation of Senegalese pilot. General of Senegalese Air Defence – Birame Diop was observing the test flight from the helipad.
WZL-1 is one of the leading aviation companies in Europe. The company established its position on local, national and foreign market thanks to untypical activity which generally covers:
• overhaul, maintenance and modernization of the following helicopters: Mi-8, Mi-14, Mi-17, Mi-24, W-3 Sokół and SH-2G Kaman;
• general overhaul of SO-3/W aviation engines and TW3-117 (III s, M, MT, W) family engines.http://defence-blog.com/news/poland-completes-overhaul-of-senegals-mi-24-attack-helicopter.html
-
Deux hélicoptères se déplacent sur des camions sur l'autoroute A1 dans le sud de Pologne. La forme ressemble à une famille Puma.
Quelques idées quel type d’helicopter et où il va?
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showpost.php?p=137773690&postcount=1804
-
Les Américains ne seront pas seuls à Drawsko.
Unités blindées germano-néerlandaises dirigées vers la Pologne.
CitationBison Drawsko exercise has begun in Germany. The operation is going to involve, among other units, soldiers hailing from the 414th German-Dutch armoured battalion. At the further stages of the exercise, the aforesaid units, involved in the training, will be deployed to Drawsko Pomorskie in Poland. 500 Polish troops will participate in the second stage of training.
As the official release issued by the Bundeswehr reads, the aforesaid Bison Drawsko exercise will involve a single company of the 414th Armoured Battalion, including several Dutch-German elements operating the Leopard 2A6 main battle tanks. Dutch 43rd Mechanized Brigade is the main unit involved in the operation, utilizing the CV-90035NL IFVs, while the whole training would involve even 4500 soldiers, hailing from the Netherlands, Poland, Germany, Estonia, Canada and the United States of America.
In his statement given for Defence24.pl, Lt. Col. Szczepan Głuszczak of the Polish General Command of the Armed Forces noted that the Dutch party plays a role of the organizer. Nonetheless, he confirmed the fact that the operation would take place between January and February, and that the exercise is planned to involve around 500 Polish soldiers.
Formally, the operation is scheduled to begin on 11th January. At the first stage, the company hailing from the 414th Battalion is to operate within the Jägerbrück range located in North-East Germany, close to the Polish border, under the jurisdiction of one of the Dutch battalions.
During the second phase of the operation, a German platoon is going to be subordinated to another Dutch battalion, and then the unit would be deployed to Drawsko Pomorskie. According to the Germans, this is to happen on 11th February, while the whole operation is to come to an end in the second half of that month.
During the Bison exercise, training of the Dutch brigade in a new structure would be organized. The unit has been, operationally subordinated, to the German 1st Armoured Division, meanwhile, its composition also includes the 414th armoured battalion of the Bundeswehr (with a single Dutch company). The latter unit was to originally play a reserve role, but in the light of the variable security context, it is gradually reacquiring full combat readiness.
It shall be noted that following the cuts that were a ramification of the economic crisis, the Royal Netherlands Army was to get rid of the main battle tanks altogether. 100 Leopard 2A6 vehicles were sold to Finland. However, the tanks left within the Dutch inventory will probably be used in a brigade-type element, which will make it possible for the unit to include a fully capable armoured battalion within its structure. On the other hand, the Germans also place a great emphasis on the cooperation with the Netherlands, within the context of reinforcing the Pan-European defence capabilities.
It is worth to note that the Polish Army is also expanding the cooperation with the Bundeswehr, in the armoured domain. In the second half of last year, units of the German 41st Mechanized Brigade have been involved in an exercise of a myriad of units of the 11th “Lubuska” Armoured Cavalry Division.
In 2015, a decision has been made to subordinate one of the armoured battalions of the 34th Armoured Cavalry Brigade, so that it would operate following the German orders, while the 34th Brigade took over the command over one of the German Mechanized Infantry battalions, belonging to the 41st Brigade. Such solution was to increase the interoperability between the armies of both states, and also it would have a positive impact on the readiness of both units in general. Obviously, both nations retain full freedom, within the scope of using the forces during the peacetime and wartime.
Jakub Palowski
http://www.defence24.com/524678,german-dutch-armoured-units-headed-to-poland
-
1
-
-
il y a 20 minutes, Wallaby a dit :
Que veut dire 8,1 powierzchnia poligonu ?
C’est partie de la description de planche
Powierzchnia poligonu-surface de terrain d'essai (le nombre d'hectares)
-
2
-
MBT Leclerc : Genèse/Vie opérationnelle/Futur
dans Europe
Posté(e)
Je sais que le char n'était jamais une priorité pour l'armée française et 270 c'est assez pour OPEX.
Cependant, par exemple des combats en Syrie/ Irak, peut voir comme ce est facile de perdre un MBT moderne. Je voulais savoir quelles sont les possibilités de restauration des pertes en cas de conflit majeur.
En Allemagne, les stocks de l'industrie sont impressionnants, en France un seul Leclerc chez Nexter (si je me souviens bien).