Serge
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Modernisation des troupes de marine :
CitationIndo Defence 2016: Indonesian marines build up
28th October 2016 - 6:00
by Gordon Arthur in Hong Kong
New tropicalised variants of the BTR-4M 8x8 armoured vehicles are due to be received this year by the Indonesian Marine Corp (Korps Marinir) from Ukraine.
This will add to the formation’s amphibious vehicles such as the 54 BMP-3F IFVs in its inventory (as seen above) and other armoured units.
In an archipelagic nation of 13,000 plus islands, the marine corps plays an important role in defending Indonesia. Under navy authority, the corps is composed of two groups (three battalions each) and one independent brigade totalling 20,000 personnel.
Some of the new BTR-4M vehicles will feature a Parus remote-controlled overhead weapon station equipped with a 30mm ZTM-1 cannon, 30mm automatic grenade launcher and 7.62mm machine gun.
Other BTR-4Ms possess a simple turret mounting a 12.7mm machine gun. Indonesia’s order was for 55 amphibious vehicles, which will replace the elderly BTR-50 and supplement the BTR-80A, since most of the latter are used in Lebanon for peacekeeping.
Additionally, the marines conducted field tests of its new RM-70 Vampir MRL system on 10 June. Indonesian marines received eight new units from the Czech Republic midyear to equip two MRL batteries.
In June-July, marine personnel received training on this new equipment that fires 122mm rockets. The RM-70 Vampir is an upgrade of the standard RM-70, with modernisation work conducted by Czech company Excalibur Army.
The rocket launcher is mounted on a Tatra T 815-7 8x8 chassis. Operated by a four-man crew, the launchers are interconnected with a digital fire control system. Vehicles are ready to fire within 2.5 minutes of arriving at a firing point, and the ready-to-fire pod of 40 rockets can be fired singly or in salvoes. The truck also carries a second rack of 40 rockets that can be manually reloaded within a minute.
Indonesia is producing R-HAN 122B rockets locally, with successful testing of an improved version occurring in August 2015. This rocket type was developed by a consortium from Dahana, Dirgantara and Pindad, as well as various government agencies.
The R-HAN 122B is 2.81m long, powered by a hydroxylammonium nitrate rocket motor with a burn time of three seconds. This gives a 30.5km range for the rocket, which has a 15kg warhead.
Along with the MRLs, Indonesia received one battalion command vehicle, two ammunition resupply vehicles, a recovery vehicle and fuel tanker. Also part of the contract were two Alligator 4x4 armoured vehicles and a Tatrapan T 815 6x6 APC from Slovak manufacturer Kerametal. Indonesia obtained nine second-hand, older-generation RM-70s from the Czech Republic in 2003, so the military is already familiar with the system.
The Indonesian Marine Corps is also inducting a new air defence system from China. The single system purchased from Norinco includes four Type 90 twin 35mm towed antiaircraft guns, an AF902 air defence fire control radar and four mobile power supply units.
The first test-firing of the system against UAVs occurred on 12 August after delivery occurred in July. Further orders could follow.
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Livraison aujourd'hui des Boxer CRV 2 et 3 par Antonov :
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De nombreuses annonces intéressantes cette année :
CitationIndo Defence 2016: Teaming to offer digital vehicles
08th November 2016 - 6:00
by Tim Fish in Jakarta
Thales has teamed with Indonesian companies PT Len and PT Pindad to develop a fully networked vehicle proposal.
The company brought a modified 4x4 Bushmaster, named Sanca, to Indo Defence to demonstrate its C5iconcept – the traditional C4 plus combat information added as the fifth ‘C’ and ‘i’.
At the exhibition, PT Pindad announced the vehicle as Indonesia’s first MRAP (mine resistant armour protected) vehicle and it is already in service with the country’s KOPASSUS special forces unit.
Laurent Letellier, product line manager, told Shephard that the plan was to improve the combat effectiveness of Indonesia’s armoured vehicles, which include the Badak 6x6, Anoa APC and Anoa 2 amphibious 6x6, and Komodo 4x4 among others.
To do this the team will develop a vehicle electronics architecture that will allow different networked vehicles on the battlefield to exchange information in near real time. PT Len is to work with the vehicle networking systems and software with PT Pindad’s role to integrate the electronics into the vehicles.
Letellier said that the benefit of this is that commanders will know exactly what the threats are and can select the appropriate vehicle to respond to the threat. For example, if a vehicle is targeted by a laser then an alert is sent out, a reaction from the vehicle such as smoke will take place immediately and then it will get support from others.
Information is collected automatically and exchanged within the vehicle and with other vehicles. The vetronics system can integrate and collate this to add value.
Letellier added that previously without C5i only raw data from sensors is sent through and distributed, whereas now there is the potential to fuse it and present only the useful bits.
It can do this by adhering to NATO Generic Vehicle Architecture standards relating to power management units, rugged computers and communications sensors.
Thales may be able to provide additional sensors, C2 systems, tactical communications and other additional equipment that is required such as a navigation unit, camera system, or a jamming solution a vehicle does not have these already. But the idea is for the system to be vehicle agnostic.
Thales is able to provide systems experts and programme management experience working on Dingo vehicles for Luxembourg, Pars vehicles for Malaysia, and on the Scorpion vehicle programme in France where it is providing the common vetronics infrastructure for all the vehicles.
The company said part of the C5i concept was to ensure that the delivery of information to operators can be done on one multifunction display. This means that a battle management system becomes more than just that, it is able to view all the local situational awareness cameras and control all the electronic equipment on the vehicle.
‘In combat you need to focus on the mission and not spend all your time looking at information on screens, we need to provide the basics for the driver, commander and gunner,’ he said.
However, he added that although there were talks underway with the Indonesian MoD, the push for this concept to be implemented in Indonesia needs to come from the domestic companies.
They will first demonstrate on an individual vehicle – Sanca – and the plan is to hopefully be given a unit of vehicles to upgrade so that the MoD can see the difference in capability before incrementally spreading the growth across the vehicle fleets.
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Ils peuvent saisir beaucoup d'opportunités d'exportation avec le VT5.
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[EBRC/Jaguar]
dans Europe
Le 26 octobre 2016 à 20:54, Scarabé a dit :Ce qui aurait été bien c'est d'équiper un peloton de Leclerc dans chacun des 4 régiments XL avec un 40 CTA pour le combats urbain.
Allez 20 Leclerc CTA 40 je passe
commande.
Je suis un grand fan du Leclerc T40 mais pas en dotation permanente.
Plutôt avec un lot de tourelles que l'on pourrait envoyer par avion sur un théâtre qui en aurait besoin.
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[EBRC/Jaguar]
dans Europe
Le 20 octobre 2016 à 23:42, Sovngard a dit :Le fait que le pilote aurait, selon Serge, eu des difficultés à s'extirper de son poste, en raison du canon situé juste au-dessus de celui-ci justifie-t'il pleinement l'abandon du glacis que l'on avait vu sur les premières maquettes ?
Attention. Mon propos était juste une idée, non une certitude.
Je trouve également dommage ce changement. C'est moins sécurisant.
Le 21 octobre 2016 à 00:46, Boule75 a dit :La priorité n'est peut être pas dans la modélisation de ce point. En revanche les flancs sont verticaux et équipés d'ouvertures, contrairement aux maquettes là encore : pour aider au chargement des munitions ou à la maintenance d'éléments derrière ?
Ca ne crée pas de vulnérabilité ?
Ça peut être la filtration NRBC.
Les filtres sont encombrant et la tourelle couvre trop le châssis. On ne peut donc les mettre que par les côtés.
On voit ces coffres latéraux sur la maquette. Dans ce cas, le sur-blindage se lève avec une barre de torsion.
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Il y a aussi une grosse pondération "vitrine" dans cette force. C'est un appui à nos industriels.
Sinon, un article sur la résurgence des chars médians :
CitationLight/medium tanks gain popularity
The VT-5 light tank on display at Airshow China in Zhuhai.At the Airshow China event, a few new details on the Chinese tank VT-5 were released. The combat weight of the tank is claimed to be between 33 and 36 metric tons, depending on fitted armor package. Two different armor configurations for the VT-5 are currently being offered by Norinco, one optimized for conventional combat and one fitted with enhanced side armor protection.
The armament is confirmed to be a conventional 105 mm rifled gun, which is fitted with a thermal sleeve, a fume extractor and a bustle-mounted autoloader. Together with the computerized fire control system, the effective combat range is claimed to be 3,000 metres or more. The stabilized gun can be used stationary or fired from the move without affecting the accuracy of the VT-5. A remotely controlled weapon station (RWS) serves as secondary armament.[...]
http://below-the-turret-ring.blogspot.fr/2016/11/lightmedium-tanks-gain-popularity.html?m=1
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Le programme de char médian indonésien connaît plusieurs candidats :
CitationIndo Defence 2016: Rheinmetall aims for medium tank
02nd November 2016 - 8:44
by Tim Fish in Jakarta
A technology demonstrator vehicle has been developed by Rheinmetall that the company intends to use to bid for Indonesia’s future medium tank programme.
Called the Marder Medium Tank RI, it is based on Rheinmetall’s Marder 1A3 Infantry Fighting Vehicle, which it has already delivered to the Indonesian Army but instead combined with a Hitfact II turret and 105mm gun from Oto Melara (now Leonardo).
Davor Bendin from Rheinmetall told Shephard that the Marder IFV chassis was developed to provide more space inside for the Hitfact II turret’s basket. He said that the six seats inside were removed and the Marder’s 20mm gun taken out and a larger hole in the roof was welded to allow the Hitfact turret slip ring to be installed.
Bendin said that both the Marder chassis and Hitfact turret components of their Marder Medium Tank RI demonstrator were already in-service therefore reducing the risk to the Indonesian Army, which could start to get these new vehicles within a year if they wanted.
‘This is instead of a plastic model, which you can see on the FNSS stand, which is what you get with a newly developed system,’ he added. FNSS has developed its Modern Medium Weight Tank (MMWT) in partnership with domestic Indonesian armaments manufacturer PT Pindad.
Because the Hitfact turret weighs 7t, the powerpack of the Marder tank was modified to provide for an increased power-to-weight ratio by altering the turbo controls. Marder has a range of 400-500 km over heavy terrain and over 600km on flat terrain.
The turret is crewed by three people – the commander, gunner and loader. An auto-loader can be provided if required, although Bendin said the most armies still prefer the manual option as loading in this way is faster with later rounds.
The main gun and a secondary armament, such as a 7.62mm MG or smoke grenades, can be operated by either commander or gunner giving it a hunter-killer capability and the turret has a day and night vision capability integrated with a laser range finder for the commander or gunner.
The Hitfact II turret is being developed by the Italian Army for their vehicles and is in qualification. Bendin said that the Indonesian Army has been invited to see the firing trials for this system and if they approve then Rheinmetall will develop a fully integrated working demonstrator with this turret for live firing.
The Marder Medium Tank RI has similar dimensions to the IFV at 8.48m long by 3.35m wide and a height of 3.07m but 3.31m with a remote weapon station. It weighs 35t and engine power of 490kW offering a top speed of 65km/h.
et
CitationIndo Defence 2016:
Medium tank takes centre stage
02nd November 2016 - 10:20
by Tim Fish in Jakarta
Plans for the Indonesian Army to acquire a new medium tank are developing with a Modern Medium Weight Tank (MMWT) offering from Turkish vehicle manufacturer FNSS.
The company is partnered with domestic Indonesian defence manufacturer PT Pindad and Belgian company CMI Defence, which will provide the 105mm gun and turret.
FNSS is providing its new Kaplan armoured fighting vehicle chassis, which it developed for Turkey’s anti-tank weapon carrying vehicle (WCV) programme and was contracted for it by Turkey’s SSM procurement department earlier this year.
Although a model is on display at the Indo Defence exhibition, the company confirmed that a prototype MMWT is already being built.
The concept vehicle is 7m long and 3.2m wide and an overall height of 2.7m. FNSS stated that the powerpack and automatic transmission will give a power-to-weight ratio of 20hp/ton. It can reach a top speed of 70km/h and has a range of at least 450km.
With a crew of three, the MMWT has mine and ballistic protection and air conditioning to allow operations from -18°C up to more than 55°C. It has a 24V electrical system and 6-wheeled suspension system built on torsion bars and double pinned tracks.
The MMWT’s mission equipment includes 360° situational awareness sensors, a wireless crew intercom system, navigation system, interior and exterior lighting, battlefield management system and laser warning system.
FNSS stated ‘An auxiliary power unit enables turret operation when vehicle engine is not running, by charging the battery system. Advanced battery monitoring system is also equipped for optimum power management and Silent Watch capabilities.’
It added: ‘Interior of the vehicle is engineered carefully considering ergonomics of crew and different tactical and battlefield conditions including driving, firing and ammunition load and unload. Special type of driver seat enables operator to have adequate field of view with accessibility to all cabin equipment.’
The concept of a medium tank is not to engage heavy tanks but to provide increased firepower for the protection of light forces, for reconnaissance and for raiding behind enemy lines.
According to FNSS the MMWT roles in combat operations would include going up against medium and light armour, such as IFVs, APCs, reconnaissance vehicles, combat support vehicles, armoured engineering vehicles, artillery equipment, recovery vehicles and logistic support vehicles.
‘MMWT combines an effective direct-fire weapon with a capable sighting system. This combination enables MMWT to achieve first round hits at battle at long ranges. The tank can fire both AP and HE ammunition, as well as employing secondary weapons such as 50-cal or 7.62 mm MGs for medium-range area shoots and close-range self-defence,’ FNSS said.
‘Although medium tanks are seen as no-match for heavy main battle tanks (MBTs) in the 60-70t range, utilising its stealth and mobility, MMWT can be tasked against MBTs in specific scenarios, such as mobile screening operations, flank attacks, ambush attacks, emergency delaying operations and support of friendly MBTs.’
In the fire support role it can be useful to counter dismounted infantry, logistic support sites and defensive positions.
Rear area security tasks against light mobile or air-landed forces, counter penetration roles, delaying operations, combat recce tasks, screening operations, escorting of light armour or soft-skinned vehicle convoys, and deep penetration operations in the enemy’s rear areas.
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Chacun est libre de faire ce qu'il veut. C'est ça qui compte.
La question était l'acier et tous tes arguments ne consistent qu'à prendre les gens pour des cons.
Chacun sa vie.
Certains font de l'économie d'autres de la politique.
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[Char] Leopard-2
dans Europe
il y a 51 minutes, Skw a dit :Les fumigènes viennent également masquer les visions thermiques ? Ou peut-être a-t-on des fumigènes à brouillage thermique et d'autres sans brouillage, ce qui laisserait un certain avantage aux tankistes en face d'unités ne disposant pas d'armement à visée thermique ? Merci de m'éclairer sur le sujet ;)
L'un des problèmes ici est que ce qui te masque masque.
C'est pour cela que tout le monde n'est pas d'accord sur l'emploi de cet outil. Quand tu en lances, tu ne vois plus rien et dès lors, tu ne sais pas ce que fait l'ennemi.
Si tes fumigènes n'ont pas de pots d'entretien, alors leur effet sera plus court. Tu auras été protégé lors des tous premiers tirs. C'est la priorité.
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Que vera-t-on la semaine prochaine ?
CitationBAE Systems completes first production ACV, will display it at Modern Day Marine
By: Megan Eckstein
September 21, 2016 8:19 AM
BAE Systems’ first production Amphibious Combat Vehicle is attached to a turnover fixture in the welding facility to allow workers to comfortably weld all sides of the vehicle. BAE Systems photo.YORK, Pa. — BAE Systems has completed its first*Amphibious Combat Vehicle under an engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) contract with the Marine Corps and will bring*it*to Marine Corps Base Quantico next week for display at the Modern Day Marine exposition.
This vehicle is the first made in a production environment and the first BAE-constructed vehicle with an upgraded engine.
After a five-company competition, the Marine Corps awarded BAE Systems a $104-million contract and SAIC a $122-million contract in November 2015 to build 13 EMD vehicles now, with an additional three per company coming later due to budgeting challenges last year. Government testing is set to begin around April 2017, at which point BAE’s ACV program manager John Swift said his company will have delivered all 16 vehicles to the government and validated their quality through internal vehicle testing.
The vehicles in York begin as sheets of steel, go through the welding facility, into the sandblast and paint facility, into the automotive assembly building and then in for a final paint job before being shipped off to the Nevada Automotive Test Center for internal company testing. In addition to the completed vehicle, three are in automotive assembly and 10 more are in welding, BAE Systems spokeswoman Megan Mitchell told USNI News.
Swift told USNI News during a visit to the York, Pa., production plant last month that the Marine Corps requires a certain level of testing and validation before the two contractors can turn the vehicles over to the government, and BAE has added about 13 items to the test list to ensure a thorough “final validation by us.” The first four production vehicles will spend about two months going through ground and swim tests before being deemed ready for delivery, he said.
During the subsequent government testing at NATC, which Swift called “the heart of the EMD contract,” BAE Systems will send drivers, mechanics and trainers to begin to teach the Marine Corps program office about the company’s offering.
After about 14 months of testing, the program office will select one vendor to build 204 ACV 1.1 variants.
BAE Systems photo.Swift said that BAE Systems from the beginning has kept an eye on full-rate production. The York, Pa., facility has made or modernized more than 8,000 ground vehicles for the Army and Marine Corps and has a modular design to create an optimized production line for whatever contract the company is working on. Though the first three vehicles made during the demonstration phase of the ACV competition were built in Santa Clara, Calif., in a prototype environment, Swift said the company began writing out vehicle build instructions as the prototypes were being manufactured.
Those ideas were combined with lessons learned from a visit to Iveco’s manufacturing plant in Italy, and the end result is a plant in rural Pennsylvania that can build 16 ACVs as efficiently as it could 204. The plant is currently delivering four vehicles a month, and while Swift said that would likely bump up to eight if the company won the ACV competition, the plant could potentially produce 12 or even 16 vehicles a month if needed.
Though the design for the ACV comes from Italian defense contractor Iveco, that company is still awaiting the results of a demonstration phase of an Italian navy competition, which won’t announce an EMD decision until next year. Iveco could leverage BAE Systems’ work on designing a full-rate production plant, but Swift made clear that BAE Systems was not in any way connected to the Italian competition, nor had Iveco yet asked for help on the manufacturing side.
Just as BAE Systems had its eye on full-rate production from the start, the company has also striven for a full ship-to-shore amphibious capability despite lower requirements set for this first increment of the ACV program. The ACV 1.1 is not required to self-deploy from the well deck of an amphibious ship to the shore – the Marine Corps decided to wait and introduce that requirement into ACV 1.2 – but Iveco’s design has a proven ship-to-shore capability and BAE Systems has only made enhancements to the design rather than backing away from the full capability.
In fact, the only change BAE Systems made to the Iveco design was to upgrade the engine from 500 horsepower to 700, which required elongating the engine compartment by about three inches, Swift said. The additional power is not needed now but increases the vehicle’s flexibility to take on future weapons, active protection systems or whatever else the Marine Corps may want to use in the future.
Swift said Iveco wanted to validate the design change with its own internally funded testing, which is ongoing now. The Italian company completed a prototype vehicle in February and brought it to Fiat’s test track in Milan, where the vehicle drove about 3,000 miles. The vehicle has now been sent to the Italian military, where the army will test the vehicle this month and the navy will conduct a series of open ocean swims and amphibious ship launches and recoveries at sea.
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Voici une liste des "gadgets" de l'emploi de l'acier :
CitationLa structure de la Pyramide du Louvre, les boîtes de conserve, les plates-formes pétrolières, les pots catalytiques, les trombones des employés de bureau, les supports de puces électroniques sont en acier. Impossible de dresser une liste exhaustive : de l'objet usuel à l'instrument le plus sophistiqué, du microscopique (pièce de moins d'un gramme dans les micromoteurs de montres électriques) au gigantesque (cuve de méthanier, capable de loger le volume de l'Arc de Triomphe), l'acier est à l'origine d'une infinité de produits élaborés par l'industrie humaine.
Dans la construction de ponts ou de bâtimentsL'acier peut jouer de multiples rôles. Il sert à armer le béton, renforcer les fondations, transporter l'eau, le gaz et bien d'autres fluides. Il permet également de former le squelette des bâtiments, qu'ils soient bureau, école, usine, logement ou salle de sport. Et à les habiller (façades, toitures). En un mot, c'est l'élément essentiel de l'architecture et de l'esthétique d'un projet.
Dans le secteur automobileCe secteur constitue le second marché de l'acier, derrière le B.T.P. Châssis et carrosserie, pièces de moteur, de direction, de transmission, ligne d'échappement, carcasse de pneu... : l'acier représente de 55 à 70 % du poids d'une voiture.
Au quotidien : boîtes, pots, bidons
De nombreux emballages sont fabriqués à partir de feuilles d'acier, revêtues sur leurs deux faces d'une fine couche d'étain qui les rend inaltérables. Longtemps appelés "fer blanc" (à cause du blanc de l'étain), les aciers pour emballage se transforment en boîtes de conserve et de boisson, mais aussi en bombe aérosol, tubes pour rouge à lèvres, pots, boîtes ou bidons de peinture, graisses, solvants et autres produits demandant un mode de conservation hermétique.
Au coeur de la conservation alimentaire
L'acier non allié (dit "au carbone") nécessite une protection contre la corrosion : couche de zinc et peinture pour les carrosseries d'automobile, couche d'étain et vernis pour les boîtes de conserve ou de boisson. L'inox, acier allié au nickel et au chrome peut, quant à lui, rester nu : il est inaltérable dans la masse. Plats, casseroles, couverts... : il résiste indéfiniment à l'eau et aux détergents. Parfaitement sain, il n'altère ni le goût ni la couleur des aliments.
Dans la communication...
Les composants électroniques utilisés en informatique ou dans les télécommunications, ainsi que les éléments fonctionnels du tube des téléviseurs couleurs sont des pièces délicates, aux exigences particulières : elles sont donc fabriquées dans des alliages adaptés à chaque cas de figure. Par exemple : les alliages à très faible dilatation pour supports de circuits intégrés ou pour composants à bord des satellites.
Dans l'énergie...
Le pétrole, le nucléaire requièrent des infrastructures, des équipements, des réseaux de fluides très spécifiques. L'acier se révèle un matériau-clé dans cet univers, qui, comme l'industrie chimique, cumule les défis : milieux très corrosifs, hautes températures, contraintes mécaniques élevées.
Et dans la santé...
Inaltérable et parfaitement neutre vis à vis des tissus humains, l'inox se fait à volonté prothèse de hanche, rotule, vis, plaque, bistouri... Jusqu'aux aiguilles qui sont fabriquées à partir d'une feuille d'inox de 0,15 à 0,45 mm d'épaisseur. L'acier est partout.
Venant de la Fédération française de l'acier.
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Il y a 7 heures, Kiriyama a dit :
Le pouvoir d'achat augmente car on se procure des biens à bas coûts (électronique, habillement...) mais au final est-ce que cela compense la perte de revenus liée à la perte d'emplois ?
Ce pouvoir d'achat préservé porte sur toute la population française au niveau de sa consommation finale. A cela, il faut rajouter les producteurs consommant cet acier et exportant leurs produits. Eux resteront compétitifs contre la concurrence à l'international sans qu'il y ai besoin de subventions françaises (comprendre : sans hausses d'impôts).
Ce principe vaut pour la totalité des échanges. Il faut laisser au consommateur son libre choix face au signal prix.
Au delà de ce point économique, le problème est surtout politique. En effet, sur le plan politique il y a une forte distorsion de perception : la baisse de commande pour la sidérurgie française est forte et menace des emplois (la conséquence sera les manifestations, apparitions médiatiques, élections ). La perte est fortement perçu. Le gain est lui invisible (tu ne perçois pas pourquoi les prix baissent. Voir, tu ne perçois pas de baisse.). C'est cette distorsion qui fait dire n'importe quoi à ceux qui n'ont jamais fait d'économie ou à ceux qui ont un intérêt particulier à défendre.
Voyons trois remarques d'impact :
- le prix bas de l'acier chinois ne concerne pas tous les aciers. Ainsi, les aciers particuliers ne sont peut être pas touchés. Savent-ils produire le haut de gamme. L'impact ne touche donc pas toute la sidérurgie acier européenne ;
- la fin n'est pas un processus instantané. Ainsi, les aciéries n'embauchent plus, certains départs seront sous forme de retraites. Les jeunes connaissant la situation, n'auront pas envie de suivre une formation pour y travailler. Ils se tourneront alors vers d'autres secteurs d'activité. Enfin, quand une usine ferme, les chômeurs retrouveront du travail en se déplaçant. L'impact de la disparition d'une activité s'amortir avec le temps (il faut simplement limiter les rigidités. C'est un sujet connex.)
- quand on entend les pro-européens, il faut remarquer leurs défauts de raisonnement. Ils veulent une Europe où tout à lieu en France. C'est à dire que ces gens là n'acceptent pas que telle ou telle activité puisse subsister en Europe mais disparaître en France. Or, on peut imaginer ici que la production d'acier continue hors de France.
Cas concret :
La productivité de sidérurgie américaine a triplé entre 1980 et 2004. Bush, élu de Virginie-Occidental, a remporté cet état aux démocrates sur la promesse de limiter les importations japonaises et européennes. En fait, les industriels qui se plaignaient étaient les gros conglomérats comme US Steel, au bord du gouffre. Ils représentaient 150000 emplois. Or, dans la sidérurgie américaine, il y avait les "mini-mills", des entreprises plus petites qui n'avaient aucun problème car très efficaces (ils concurrençaient tant les gros comme US Steel que les importations étrangères.).Le résultat des hausses des tarifs douanier a été mesuré :
- 3500 emplois préservés dans la sidérurgie ;
- entre 12000 et 45000 emplois détruits chez les entreprises américaines consommatrices d'aciers.
C'est un cas concret et cela se passe toujours ainsi. Même pour les pays en voie de développement pour lesquels l'OMC accepte des tarifs douaniers "protecteurs". Pour citer Bastiat, "il y a ce que l'on voit et ce que l'on ne voit pas."il y a 8 minutes, Akhilleus a dit :Non
C'est un leurre. Le prix social en terme de chomage, de délocalisations (et leur corollaire de manque à gagner fiscal) ainsi que l'impact sur les budgets de soutien étatiques est sans commune mesure avec l'impression qu'on les gens de pouvoir s'offrir des gadgets pas chers.
C'est quoi la définition économique d'un gadget ?
la carcasse d'une voiture ? Une charrue pour labourer ? Des hangars de stockage ? Des armatures d'immeuble ?
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Il y a surtout le quotidien de la discontinuité entre l'activité policière et celle judiciaire.
S'il n'y a pas de places de prison pour incarcérer les délinquants et criminels, le travail de la police ne sert à rien.
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[Char] Leopard-2
dans Europe
Le Galix est une grosse munition. Donc en effet, il peut durer.
Apres, c'est comme pour tout. Il y a des avantages et des inconvénients. Si on ne te vois plus, tu ne vois plus non plus. Tu ne peut alors plus tirer.
il y a 1 minute, Kiriyama a dit :Il n'y a quand même pas beaucoup de place dans le Leopard 2, le chargeur doit être un minimum souple.
Ce serait bien de donner un coup de jeune aux chars suisses en les modernisant.
Ils sont modernisés au niveau de la protection mine et de la conduite de tir entre autre.
Pour le chargeur, c'est le lot de tous les chargeurs.
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[Char] Leopard-2
dans Europe
Le plus important est à 5min 30.
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[Char] Leopard-2
dans Europe
il y a 8 minutes, DarkLabor a dit :Pour le léopard 2, le rehaussement du viseur ne supprime pas le trou balistique. Il reste toujours le passage de la voie jour directe.
Le trou est tout de même une chicane. Les risques sont diminués.
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[Char] Leopard-2
dans Europe
En changeant les couleurs, on pourrait avoir un camouflage universel.
il y a 4 minutes, DarkLabor a dit :Après l’inconvénient des viseurs de toit, c'est qu'il y a des écarts de parallaxe en fonction de du pointage en site. Et la gestion du pointage est différente d'un viseur mécaniquement lié au masque.
Mais point de vue protection, il est clair que c'est une configuration "idéale".J'ai l'impression qu'actuellement l'arbitrage porte sur la protection. Les défauts de précision sont bien acceptés car ils n'ont pas tant d'incidence que ça au combat.
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[Char] Leopard-2
dans Europe
Et la solution intermédiaire consiste à relever pour moitié la hauteur du viseur. Le trou balistique se réduit tout en laissant le toit assez libre d'obstructions au profit de viseurs panoramiques et autres accessoires.
C'est le cas des Leopard-2 A5 et suivants.
A titre personnel, je suis plus pour cette approche car les éclats du champs de bataille me préoccupent plus que les obus ennemis. Le solutions encastrées sont mieux protégées ici.
Enfin, placer le viseur sur le toit offre aussi une facilité tant pour la conception/construction de la coque de la tourelle que pour une modernisation.
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il y a 14 minutes, capmat a dit :
Il me semble que nous sommes proche d'un risque où des individus ou groupes d'individus en viennent a conclure qu'il faut s'organiser en structure d'auto-défense et dans cette dynamique en viennent jusqu'a passer à l'offensive.
La "garde nationale" me semble être la recette de cuisine politique pour devancer et contenir, si possible, ce genre d'initiative.
Tu ne contreras rien avec la garde nationale.
Celle-ci relève d'un commandement national. Or, les français cherchent des moyens locaux de dissuasion et de protection.
Le développement de mécanisme d'autodéfense est déjà en court. Il progresse assez vite. La Garde nationale est morte née car ce serait la fin de l'armée de Terre.
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Citation
Corps to upgrade aging LAVs while searching for a replacement
By: Lance M. Bacon, September 24, 2016
The Marine Corps' light armored vehicles qualify for antique license plates in most states, but the service is planning to upgrade half the fleet and keep them in service until 2035 while it searches for a next-generation replacement.
It’s not a best-case scenario, officials said, but it is the best option as the Corps tries to find money to replace old vehicles and implement new technologies.
The Corps is in a zero-sum game, according to Lt. Gen. Robert Walsh, commanding general of Marine Corps Combat Development Command. Because there is no new money coming in, leaders must get rid of one or more things to bring in something new. As the Corps develops new technologies to meet emerging threats, trade-offs will be necessary.
“You're going to have to take away some of the current readiness, and take a little bit of risk to take some of that money to invest in future modernization and readiness,” Walsh told Marine Corps Times.
Budget and time constraints mean the Corps will use part of its money to upgrade only half of its 800-vehicle fleet, doubling their service lives, and use the rest to develop a replacement. The hope is that upgrades will enable the aging fleet to meet all missions until that replacement comes online. Units that deploy will do so with upgraded vehicles, said Kurt Koch, the combat vehicle capabilities integration officer for Fires and Maneuvers Integration Division.
The Corps is taking a similar approach with the amphibious assault vehicle. A portion of the AAV fleet is receiving major upgrades as two companies, BAE Systems and SAIC, compete to build the new Amphibious Combat Vehicle.The total number of AAVs and LAVs could change as service officials determine the size and shape of its future force, Walsh said. In the meantime, it must make the most of an aging LAV fleet that was supposed to retire in 2003. Repeated engine rebuilds and heavier armor have weakened the vehicle, but the Corps is not ready to put the pig out to pasture.
Current A2s carry many upgrades such as better blast protection, an electronic LAV-25 turret, and an improved thermal sight system. The anti-tank variant will see the obsolete Emerson 901, an Army turret based on 1960s technology, replaced with the M220E3 TOW beginning next year. In coming years, a mobility and obsolescence kit will tackle the top three readiness drivers by providing a modern powertrain (new engine and transmission), drivetrain improvements to the transfer case and drive shafts, and an upgraded steering system. The kit will also replace the driver’s analog information panel with a digital board, and put a larger slip ring in the LAV-25 so it can pump more power to the turret.
“The Marine Corps is taking adequate actions to keep the vehicle relevant and operational to 2035,” said Steve Myers, deputy program manager for Light Armored Vehicles. Recognizing he has no maneuver room in the budget, Myers said he would like to keep the cost at $525,000 per kit, but those decisions are still in the making. Specific vehicles to be upgraded has not been determined, but he expects that to be known within the year.
The upgraded kits are in the engineering, manufacturing, development phase; production is expected in fiscal 2019. The first vehicles will roll out in 2021, and all planned upgrades will wrap up five years later.
That’s good news for Maj. Christopher Ferguson, operations officer for 2 nd Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He has three LAV deployments under his belt, to include a combat tour in Iraq. While upgrades and service life extension “have absolutely helped,” there is no doubt his vehicles are getting older. He said upgrades to suspension must be a priority. With a salute to the Marines who keep them running, he said parts obsolescence is an increasing challenge. The need for maintainers to fabricate parts and tools is “a little above negligible,” he said. While there has been an increase in man hours, it has not been significant.
Not yet.
“We are annunciating a gap in capability,” Koch affirmed. “We are laying down where we are falling short and we will compete for resourcing for the next-generation armored reconnaissance acquisition effort. We are anticipating a program in the late 20s.”
Koch doesn’t expect any leap-ahead vehicle technology in the coming decades. That means the next-generation vehicle may closely resemble the upgraded LAV. What he is looking for is “a good base vehicle with plenty of growth margin” that has sufficient maneuverability, protection, and lethality. The key is the ability to easily and incrementally add new technologies as they mature.“This is not merely a reconnaissance and surveillance asset. It possesses the organic ability to grab the enemy by the collar and punch them in the face in order to get information,” Koch said. “We’re going to have to improve the organic lethality, both direct and indirect fires. We think we will be doing that in a broader and more complex battle space. The ranges and capabilities and capacities will be stretched beyond what we currently treat as normal.”
Koch spoke of expanded network capability, the need for more effective sensors, and the ability to counter unmanned air and ground systems. Topping Walsh’s list was more signals intelligence and longer range fires. Both spoke of organic electronic warfare, and a greater use of unmanned assets to extend the battlespace.
“What we see in the future is these scouts launching an unmanned system off their vehicle,” the three-star said. “That UAS is out there scouting, and could be scouting autonomously to search a designated area for specific silhouettes. It may be programmed to report such findings, or pre-approved to attack.”
Ferguson understands the need to evolve, but voiced concern that changes not become too complex, but instead “maintain a brilliance in the basics.”
“Something that is survivable and reliable is good enough,” he said. “We’ve benefitted from not requiring contractor support to run and operate this system. I generally agree with a modular platform, as long as it doesn’t require extensive contractor support and crazy training.”
While his Marines have used the Raven UAS with great results, he said such benefits should never come at the expense of having eyes on the objective.
The major said a new LAV should maintain the ability to maneuver water obstacles, commonly called its swim capability. If possible, he would like to see lighter and scalable armor. Increased weight has not been a problem, but is a consideration in amphibious delivery and combat maneuver. Simply put, “mobility is central to our platform.”
Koch concurred. The LAV cannot remain mobile and effective if the Corps keeps piling on passive armor, he said. Developers are looking to lighten the load with scalable as well as active protection — soft- and hard-kill technologies to include directed energy.
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[Char] Leopard-2
dans Europe
RUAG était présent au DVD-2016 avec sa tourelle digitale :
CitationDigital LEOPARD 2A4 Turret at DVD 2016
At DVD 2016, RUAG Defence shocased what the company calls the world’s first 100% digital LEOPARD 2A4 MBT, made possible by a specially developed Mid-Life Upgrade (MLU), catering flexibly to individual customer needs. Reconnaissance and command systems are inextricably linked, and operations can only be carried out successfully and according to plan if mission-relevant information is communicated correctly. The latest MLU for the LEOPARD 2A4 MBT represents another pioneering milestone reached by RUAG Defence, according to the company. Via this development, the company calls itself, “the only provider on the entire market able to offer a fully digitised model.”
Thanks to open interfaces, it is now possible to send and receive uninterrupted voice, image and data transmissions at all times and under the most adverse conditions. One aspect of the tank that has benefitted in particular from the upgrade is the fire control system, which was completely redeveloped by RUAG Defence and is now – thanks to universal interfaces – able to be easily combined with individual additional systems, such as a Battle Management System (BMS) or a munitions programme. The cutting-edge fire control system likewise supports all types of munitions and is thus very flexible. Obsolescence, which has been occurring on an increasingly frequent basis, has also been eliminated with this single upgrade.
Il y a 7 heures, Deres a dit :Intéressant la grille devant le système de visée pour ne pas avoir un point faible contre les charges creuses ...
Cela sous-entendrait en fait que mettre le système de visée sous le blindage principal constitue de base un point faible.
Donc qu'il faudrait en fait mettre ces systèmes optronique en dehors du blindage principal, ce qui va dans le sens des tourelles inhabitées.
En fait, on place maintenant le viseur tireur sur le toit. Cela évite ces problèmes de trou en tir direct.
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[Char] Leopard-2
dans Europe
Personne n'en a parlé :
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Le 20 septembre 2016 à 17:29, Kiriyama a dit :
Mais est-ce qu'il était possible de la faire entrer dans l'OMC tout en maintenant, en Europe, des mesures visant à se protéger ?
On aurait pu essayer.
Attention à la notion de protection.
L'économie est un domaine dynamique car c'est un domaine humain. Ainsi, il y a constamment des innovations et des abandons. Ceux-ci ont lieu dans l'organisation de la production comme de la distribution et dans les produits. C'est ce que Schumpeter nommait la "destruction créatrice".
Ce processus perpétuel est plus ou moins rapide selon les périodes mais dans tous les cas, il est impossible à arrêter. Ce que beaucoup de personnes nomment "protection", ce n'est rien d'autre qu'un arrêt artificiel du processus schumpeterien.
Ainsi, si tu places un droit de douane sur l'acier chinois, tu interdis à la population française l'accès à une baisse des prix des produits à base d'acier. De ce fait, :
1- tu forces et les dépenses de consommation des ménages et le nombre réduit de biens qu'ils peuvent acheter. La conséquence est que tu empêches la manifestation d'une activité qu'ils se payeraient avec la baisse des prix ;
2- tu neutralises la sélection du modèle économique de la sidérurgie. C'est à dire que tu protégés des organisations coûteuses. Tu n'incites pas à leur transformation, leur adaptation.
3- comme ton industrie locale n'est plus en évolution (elle n'en sent pas le besoin), elle ne progresse plus sur les marchés export. Dans ce cas, il te faudra mettre en place des subventions à son seul profit.
4- barrières douanières tarifaires et subventions sont payés par ta population. Tu la forces donc à acheter ce qu'elle ne demande pas. Lentement, son pouvoir d'achat diminue par rapport aux pays qui, eux, laissent entrer l'acier moins cher.
Ce que tu appelles protection n'est que le choix d'une lente paupérisation de ta population.
Ce qui compte, ce n'est pas le prix d'un produit étranger mais :
- l'aptitude du secteur économique national concerné à se transformer ;
- l'aptitude des employés dont l'activité disparaît à se reconvertir.
Sur ces deux points, il n'est pas question de douanes mais de réglementation nationale, de formation professionnelle, d'immobilier (pour déménager)... C'est en travaillant sur ces points que tu protégeras ton pays.
New tropicalised variants of the BTR-4M 8x8 armoured vehicles are due to be received this year by the Indonesian Marine Corp (Korps Marinir) from Ukraine.
commande. 
Armée de terre Chinoise
dans Asie / Océanie
Posté(e)
Je n'ai pas chiffre à l'esprit mais on voit tout de même qu'il y a de l'actualité.
La croissance économie permet à de nouveaux pays comme l'Indonésie de pouvoir penser entretenir une flotte moderne par exemple. De même que le Moyen Orient a de gros besoins.
Avec le VT5, les chinois peuvent offrir un char encore moins cher qu'un VT3 car plus compact et capable de servir de char. Cela va intéresser tous ceux à qui il reste de vieux T55 ou 62 et qui n'ont pas d'infrastructures.
Même les russes n'ont rien sur ce créneau.